Subsection 6.3

In problems 6.45-6.92, the coordinate system is rectangular.

[48/100%]
Show
LaTeX
Problem 6.45

Find a normal vector of the plane:

?
(1)

Ax+By+Cz+D=0Ax + By + Cz + D = 0

(2)

x=x0+a1u+a2v,y=y0+b1u+b2v,z=z0+c1u+c2vx = x_{0} + a_{1} u + a_{2} v, y = y_{0} + b_{1} u + b_{2} v, z = z_{0} + c_{1} u + c_{2} v.

Problem 6.46

Find the equations of the line passing through the point A(1,−1,2)A(1, - 1, 2) and perpendicular to the plane:

?
(1)

x−3y+2z+1=0x - 3y + 2z + 1 = 0

(2)

x=5x = 5

(3)

y=4y = 4

(4)

z=3z = 3

(5)

x=4−u+v,y=2+u+2v,z=−1+7u+3vx = 4 - u + v, \quad y = 2 + u + 2v, \quad z = - 1 + 7u + 3v.

Problem 6.47

Find the equation of the plane passing through the point A(1,3,1)A(1, 3, 1) and perpendicular to the line:

?
(1)

x+y−z+2=0,2x+3y+z−1=0x + y - z + 2 = 0, \quad 2x + 3y + z - 1 = 0

(2)

x+13=y−24=z+221\frac{x + 1}{3} = \frac{y - 2}{4} = \frac{z + 2}{21}

(3)

x=2,y=3x = 2, \quad y = 3

(4)

x=0,z=0x = 0, z = 0

(5)

y=−1,z=2y = - 1, \quad z = 2.

Problem 6.48

Find the equation of the plane passing through the point A(2,1,−1)A(2, 1, - 1) and perpendicular to the two planes: x−y+5z+1=0x - y + 5z + 1 = 0 and 2x+y=32x + y = 3.

?
Problem 6.49

Find the equation of the plane perpendicular to the plane x+3y−z+2=0x + 3y - z + 2 = 0 and passing through the line:

?
(1)

x−12=y−13=z−14\frac{x - 1}{2} = \frac{y - 1}{3} = \frac{z - 1}{4}

(2)

2x−y+z=0,x+2y+z−3=02x - y + z = 0, x + 2y + z - 3 = 0.

Problem 6.50

In the pencil determined by the planes x+2y−3z+5=0x + 2y - 3z + 5 = 0 and 4x−y+3z+5=04x - y + 3z + 5 = 0, find two mutually perpendicular planes, one of which passes through the point M(1,3,1)M(1, 3, 1).

?
Problem 6.51

Point AA lies on the line x−32=y3=z−1−1\frac{x - 3}{2} = \frac{y}{3} = \frac{z - 1}{ - 1}, and AA is equidistant from the points B(3,0,−2)B(3, 0, - 2) and C(−1,1,5)C(- 1, 1, 5). Find the coordinates of point AA.

?
Problem 6.52

Find the distance from the point A(3,1,−1)A(3, 1, - 1) to the plane:

?
(1)

x−y−5z+2=0x - y - 5z + 2 = 0

(2)

x−2y+2z−2=0x - 2y + 2z - 2 = 0

(3)

x−2y+2z+7=0x - 2y + 2z + 7 = 0

(4)

x−2y+2z=0x - 2y + 2z = 0

(5)

x−2y+2z+1=0x - 2y + 2z + 1 = 0

(6)

x=1x = 1

(7)

y=5y = 5

(8)

z=0z = 0

Problem 6.53

Find the distance between the parallel planes:

?
(1)

6x−3y+2z+5=06x - 3y + 2z + 5 = 0 and 6x−3y+2z−9=06x - 3y + 2z - 9 = 0

(2)

2x+2y−z+3=02x + 2y - z + 3 = 0 and 2x+2y−z+18=02x + 2y - z + 18 = 0

(3)

3x+4z+1=03x + 4z + 1 = 0 and 6x+8z−1=06x + 8z - 1 = 0.

Problem 6.54
?
(1)

Find the equations of the planes parallel to the plane 6x−3y+2z+5=06x - 3y + 2z + 5 = 0 and at distance 3 from it.

(2)

Find the equations of the planes parallel to the plane x+3y−z+11=0x + 3y - z + \sqrt{11} = 0 and at distance 3 from it.

(3)

Find the equations of the planes parallel to the plane 2x+2y−z+3=02x + 2y - z + 3 = 0 and at distance 3 from the point A(1,2,−1)A(1, 2, - 1).

(4)

Find the equations of the planes parallel to the plane 3x+4z+1=03x + 4z + 1 = 0 and at distance 3 from the origin.

Problem 6.55

Point AA lies on the line x−12=y3=z+11\frac{x - 1}{2} = \frac{y}{3} = \frac{z + 1}{1}. The distance from point AA to the plane x+y+z+3=0x + y + z + 3 = 0 equals 3\sqrt{3}. Find the coordinates of point AA.

?
Problem 6.56

Point AA lies on the line x−11=y−33=z+4−5\frac{x - 1}{1} = \frac{y - 3}{3} = \frac{z + 4}{ - 5}, and AA is equidistant from the point B(0,1,1)B(0, 1, 1) and from the plane 2x−y+2z+1=02x - y + 2z + 1 = 0. Find the coordinates of point AA.

?
Problem 6.57

Points A(1,−1,2)A(1, - 1, 2) and B(3,0,4)B(3, 0, 4) are vertices of a cube ABCDA1B1C1D1ABCDA_{1} B_{1} C_{1} D_{1}. The vector AD→\overrightarrow {AD} is perpendicular to the line x=0,y−z=0x = 0, y - z = 0, and the orientation of the triple of vectors AB→,AD→\overrightarrow {AB}, \overrightarrow {AD}. AA1→\overrightarrow {AA_{1}} coincides with the orientation of the triple of basis vectors of the coordinate system, and the sum of the coordinates of the vector AA1→\overrightarrow {AA_{1}} is negative. Find the equations of the faces of the cube.

?
Problem 6.58

Points A(−3,0,0)A(- 3, 0, 0) and B(3,0,0)B(3, 0, 0) are vertices of a regular tetrahedron ABCDABCD, the vertex CC is at distance 323\sqrt{2} from the coordinate plane OxyOxy, and all coordinates of the point CC are nonnegative. The orientation of the triple of vectors AB→,AC→,AD→\overrightarrow {AB}, \overrightarrow {AC}, \overrightarrow {AD} coincides with the orientation of the triple of basis vectors of the coordinate system. Find the equations of the faces of the tetrahedron.

?
Problem 6.59

Given the point A(3,−1,1)A(3, - 1, 1). Find:

?
(1)

the coordinates of the projections of the point AA onto the coordinate planes and the coordinates of the points symmetric to AA with respect to the coordinate planes

(2)

the coordinates of the projection of the point AA onto the plane x+2y+2z+6=0x + 2y + 2z + 6 = 0 and the coordinates of the point symmetric to AA with respect to this plane

(3)

the coordinates of the projection of the point AA onto the plane 2x+3y+6z+40=02x + 3y + 6z + 40 = 0 and the coordinates of the point symmetric to AA with respect to this plane.

Problem 6.60

Find the equations of the line symmetric to the line x−23=y+11=z−24\frac{x - 2}{3} = \frac{y + 1}{1} = \frac{z - 2}{4} with respect to the plane 5x−y+z−4=05x - y + z - 4 = 0.

?
Problem 6.61

Find the equations of the projections onto the plane x+5y−z−25=0x + 5y - z - 25 = 0 of the following lines:

?
(1)

x+14=y2=z−13\frac{x + 1}{4} = \frac{y}{2} = \frac{z - 1}{3}

(2)

x−y+2z−1=0,3x−y+2z+2=0x - y + 2z - 1 = 0, \quad 3x - y + 2z + 2 = 0

(3)

x+11=y5=z−1−1\frac{x + 1}{1} = \frac{y}{5} = \frac{z - 1}{ - 1}.

Problem 6.62

Find the angle between the planes:

?
(1)

x+4y−z+1=0x + 4y - z + 1 = 0 and x+y−z−3=0x + y - z - 3 = 0

(2)

x+2y−z=1x + 2y - z = 1 and x−y=3x - y = 3

(3)

x+2y−2z=0x + 2y - 2z = 0 and z=5z = 5

(4)

x+2y−z−1=0x + 2y - z - 1 = 0 and 3x−5y−7z=03x - 5y - 7z = 0

(5)

x+3y−z+1=0x + 3y - z + 1 = 0 and x=1−u,y=2−3u−v,z=7+u+vx = 1 - u, \quad y = 2 - 3u - v, \quad z = 7 + u + v

(6)

x−3y+2z+1=0x - 3y + 2z + 1 = 0 and 6z−9y+3x+5=06z - 9y + 3x + 5 = 0.

Problem 6.63

Find the angle between the lines:

?
(1)

2x+y−z+1=0,x+3y+z+2=02x + y - z + 1 = 0, x + 3y + z + 2 = 0 and x+3y−z+2=0x + 3y - z + 2 = 0, x+y+z−1=0x + y + z - 1 = 0

(2)

x−12=y−23=z+3−1\frac{x - 1}{2} = \frac{y - 2}{3} = \frac{z + 3}{ - 1} and x+1−3=y4=z−106\frac{x + 1}{ - 3} = \frac{y}{4} = \frac{z - 10}{6}

(3)

x=5−2t,y=6+4t,z=8tx = 5 - 2t, \quad y = 6 + 4t, \quad z = 8t and x=1+t,y=−2t,z=3−4tx = 1 + t, \quad y = - 2t, \quad z = 3 - 4t.

Problem 6.64

Find the angle between the plane 4x+4y−7z+1=04x + 4y - 7z + 1 = 0 and the line:

?
(1)

x+y+z+1=0,2x+y+3z+2=0x + y + z + 1 = 0, 2x + y + 3z + 2 = 0

(2)

x−13=y+22=z−6\frac{x - 1}{3} = \frac{y + 2}{2} = \frac{z}{ - 6}

(3)

x−24=y−14=z+3−7\frac{x - 2}{4} = \frac{y - 1}{4} = \frac{z + 3}{ - 7}

(4)

x−111=y+1−4=z+34\frac{x - 1}{11} = \frac{y + 1}{ - 4} = \frac{z + 3}{4}.

Problem 6.65

Find the equations of the line passing through the point A(1,3,2)A(1, 3, 2) parallel to the plane OxyOxy and making:

?
(1)

an angle of 45∘45^{\circ } with the line x=y,z=0x = y, z = 0

(2)

an angle of arcsin⁡(1/10)\arcsin (1 / \sqrt{10}) with the plane x−y=1x - y = 1.

Problem 6.66

Find the equation of the plane passing through the point A(−1,2,1)A(- 1, 2, 1) parallel to the line x2=−y3=−z\frac{x}{2} = - \frac{y}{3} = - z and making an angle of 60∘60^{\circ } with the line x=y,z=0x = y, z = 0.

?
Problem 6.67

Find the equation of the plane passing through the line x+5y+z=0,x−z+4=0x + 5y + z = 0, \quad x - z + 4 = 0 and making an angle 45∘c45^{\circ } \mathrm{c} the plane x−4y−8z+1=0x - 4y - 8z + 1 = 0.

?
Problem 6.68

Prove that the two given lines intersect, and find the equations of the bisectors of the acute and obtuse angles between them:

?
(1)

x=4−4t,y=1+4t,z=−5+7tx = 4 - 4t, y = 1 + 4t, z = - 5 + 7t and x=−3+t,y=−1+2t,z=−4+2tx = - 3 + t, y = - 1 + 2t, \quad z = - 4 + 2t

(2)

x=4+t,y=1−t,z=5+4tx = 4 + t, y = 1 - t, \quad z = 5 + 4t and x=−3−3t,y=8+3tx = - 3 - 3t, \quad y = 8 + 3t, z=1z = 1

(3)

x=1+2t,y=2+3t,z=11−6tx = 1 + 2t, \quad y = 2 + 3t, \quad z = 11 - 6t and x=1+t,y=3+tx = 1 + t, \quad y = 3 + t, z=7−tz = 7 - t.

Problem 6.69

The legs of an isosceles triangle have a common vertex A(3,4,5)A(3, 4, 5), the other two vertices lie on the axes OxOx and OyOy, and the plane of the triangle is parallel to the axis OzOz. Find the angles of the triangle and find the equation of its plane.

?
Problem 6.70

Given a point A(2,−1,0)A(2, - 1, 0) and a line ll. Compute the distance from the point AA to the line ll; find the coordinates of the projection of the point AA onto ll and the coordinates of the point BB symmetric to AA with respect to ll; find the equations of the line passing through the point AA and meeting the given line at a right angle ("drop a perpendicular" from the point AA to ll). The line ll is given by the equations:

?
(1)

x−73=y−14=z−32\frac{x - 7}{3} = \frac{y - 1}{4} = \frac{z - 3}{2}

(2)

x=1+2t,y=2−2t,z=−3+tx = 1 + 2t, \quad y = 2 - 2t, \quad z = - 3 + t

(3)

2x+y−z+1=0,x+y+z+2=02x + y - z + 1 = 0, x + y + z + 2 = 0.

Problem 6.71

The point AA lies on the line x−y−3=0,2y+z=0x - y - 3 = 0, 2y + z = 0. The distance from the point AA to the line x=y=zx = y = z equals 6\sqrt{6}. Find the coordinates of the point AA.

?
Problem 6.72

Find the distance between the lines:

?
(1)

x−43=y+16=z−1−2\frac{x - 4}{3} = \frac{y + 1}{6} = \frac{z - 1}{ - 2} and x−5−6=y−12=z4\frac{x - 5}{ - 6} = \frac{y}{ - 12} = \frac{z}{4}

(2)

x=3+2t,y=10−3t,z=3+4tx = 3 + 2t, y = 10 - 3t, z = 3 + 4t and x=1+3t,y=1−2tx = 1 + 3t, y = 1 - 2t, z=1+3tz = 1 + 3t

(3)

x+y+z−1=0,x+3y−z+2=0x + y + z - 1 = 0, x + 3y - z + 2 = 0 and x+3y+z+2=0x + 3y + z + 2 = 0, x+2y−z+1=0x + 2y - z + 1 = 0.

Problem 6.73

Given lines l1l_{1} and l2l_{2}. Find the equations of their common perpendicular (i.e., the line meeting l1l_{1} and l2l_{2} at a right angle); find the points of intersection of the common perpendicular with the given lines; compute the distance between l1l_{1} and l2l_{2}. The lines are given by the equations:

?
(1)

x=5+t,y=3−t,z=13+tx = 5 + t, \quad y = 3 - t, \quad z = 13 + t and x=6+t,y=1+2t,z=10−tx = 6 + t, \quad y = 1 + 2t, z = 10 - t;

(2)

2x+7y−13=0,3y−2z−1=02x + 7y - 13 = 0, \quad 3y - 2z - 1 = 0 and x+y−8=0,2x+y−z=0x + y - 8 = 0, 2x + y - z = 0;

(3)

x−61=y−12=z−10−1\frac{x - 6}{1} = \frac{y - 1}{2} = \frac{z - 10}{ - 1} and x+4−7=y−32=z−43\frac{x + 4}{ - 7} = \frac{y - 3}{2} = \frac{z - 4}{3}.

Problem 6.74

Points A(−1,−3,1),B(5,3,8),C(−1,−3,5),D(2A(- 1, - 3, 1), B(5, 3, 8), C(- 1, - 3, 5), D(2, 1,−4)1, - 4) are vertices of a tetrahedron. Find:

?
(1)

the length of the altitude of the tetrahedron dropped from the vertex DD to the face ABCABC

(2)

the length of the altitude of the base ABCABC dropped from the vertex CC to the side ABAB

(3)

the distance between the skew edges ADAD and BCBC

(4)

the angle between the skew edges ADAD and BCBC

(5)

the angle between the edge ADAD and the face ABCABC.

Problem 6.75

The length of the edge of the cube ABCDA1B1C1D1ABCDA_{1} B_{1} C_{1} D_{1} equals 1. Find:

?
(1)

the distance from the vertex AA to the plane B1CD1B_{1} CD_{1}

(2)

the distance between the diagonal of the cube AC1AC_{1} and the diagonal of the lateral face CD1CD_{1} skew to it

(3)

the ratios in which the points of intersection of the common perpendicular to the lines AC1AC_{1} and CD1CD_{1} with these lines divide the segments AC1AC_{1} and CD1CD_{1}.

Problem 6.76

Three faces ABCD,ABB1A1ABCD, ABB_{1} A_{1} and ADD1A1ADD_{1} A_{1} of a parallelepiped ABCDA1B1C1D1ABCDA_{1} B_{1} C_{1} D_{1} lie respectively in the planes 2x+3y+4z+8=0,x+3y−6=0,z+5=02x + 3y + 4z + 8 = 0, x + 3y - 6 = 0, z + 5 = 0; the vertex C1C_{1} has coordinates 6,−5,16, - 5, 1. Find:

?
(1)

the distance from the vertex A1A_{1} to the plane B1BDB_{1} BD

(2)

the distance from the vertex DD to the line ABAB

(3)

the distance between the lines ACAC and A1C1A_{1} C_{1}

(4)

the distance between the lines AA1AA_{1} and BCBC

(5)

the angle between the lines ACAC and C1D1C_{1} D_{1}

(6)

the angle between the planes BDD1BDD_{1} and ACC1ACC_{1}

(7)

the angle between the line CA1CA_{1} and the plane DCC1DCC_{1}.

Problem 6.77

Find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the one of the four dihedral angles, formed by two intersecting non-perpendicular planes A1x+B1y+C1z+D1=0A_{1} x + B_{1} y + C_{1} z + D_{1} = 0 and A2x+B2y+C2z+D2=0A_{2} x + B_{2} y + C_{2} z + D_{2} = 0, that contains the point M0(x0,y0,z0)M_{0}\left(x_{0}, y_{0}, z_{0}\right), to be:

?
(1)

acute

(2)

obtuse.

Problem 6.78

Given two planes x+2y+2z=0x + 2y + 2z = 0 and 7x+4y+4z=07x + 4y + 4z = 0. A third plane mm passes through the origin OO so that the endpoint of its normal vector, laid off from the point OO, lies in the obtuse dihedral angle formed by the given planes. The cosines of the acute dihedral angles between mm and the given planes equal 2/152 / 15 and 4 / 45 respectively. Find the equation of the plane mm.

?
Problem 6.79

Consider the dihedral angle between the planes x−2y+z+3=0x - 2y + z + 3 = 0 and x+y+2z=1x + y + 2z = 1, inside which the point A(−1,0,0)A(- 1, 0, 0) lies. Prove that the set of points lying inside this angle and at distances 6\sqrt{6} and 262\sqrt{6} from the given planes respectively is a line. Find the equations of this line.

?
Problem 6.80

Find the equation of the bisector plane of the dihedral angle between the planes x−z−5=0x - z - 5 = 0 and 3x+5y+4z=03x + 5y + 4z = 0 inside which the point A(1,1,1)A(1, 1, 1) lies.

?
Problem 6.81

Find the equation of the bisector plane of the acute dihedral angle between the planes x−z−5=0x - z - 5 = 0 and 3x+5y+4z=03x + 5y + 4z = 0.

?
Problem 6.82

The faces of a tetrahedron are given by the equations x+2y−2z+3=0,4x−4y+7z−9=0,8x+4y+z−3=0,y−z=0x + 2y - 2z + 3 = 0, 4x - 4y + 7z - 9 = 0, 8x + 4y + z - 3 = 0, y - z = 0. Find the equations of:

?
(1)

the bisector plane of the interior dihedral angle between the first two faces

(2)

the line lying in the interior trihedral angle between the first three faces, all points of which are equidistant from these three faces.

Problem 6.83

The vertices of a tetrahedron are the points A(1,2,3)A(1, 2, 3), B(−2,8,9),C(5,0,7),D(3,4,2)B(- 2, 8, 9), C(5, 0, 7), D(3, 4, 2). Find the radii and the coordinates of the centers of the inscribed and circumscribed spheres.

?
Problem 6.84

Find the radius and the coordinates of the center of the sphere passing through the point A(0,1,0)A(0, 1, 0) and tangent to the planes x+y=0x + y = 0, x−y=0,x+y+4z=0x - y = 0, \quad x + y + 4z = 0.

?
Problem 6.85

Find the coordinates of the center OO and the radius rr of the sphere tangent to the planes 5x−y+z−17=05x - y + z - 17 = 0 and x+y−z+11=0x + y - z + 11 = 0 and passing through the points A(−7,−1,−1)A(- 7, - 1, - 1) and B(1,1,1)B(1, 1, 1).

?
Problem 6.86

Find the coordinates of the center OO and the radius rr of the sphere tangent to the plane x+5y+z−33=0x + 5y + z - 33 = 0 and passing through the points A(2,3,−2),B(−2,3,4)A(2, 3, - 2), B(- 2, 3, 4) and C(0,−1,2)C(0, - 1, 2).

?
Problem 6.87

The vertices of a triangle are the points A(1,2,3)A(1, 2, 3), B(1,5,−1),C(5,3,−5)B(1, 5, - 1), C(5, 3, - 5). Find the radii and the coordinates of the centers of the inscribed and circumscribed circles.

?
Problem 6.88

Prove that the three planes x−2y+2z+3=0x - 2y + 2z + 3 = 0, 2x+2y+z−6=0,5x+14y−2z−21=02x + 2y + z - 6 = 0, 5x + 14y - 2z - 21 = 0 have no common points, but the three lines formed by the intersection of each pair of these planes are parallel, i.e., the planes form a prism. Find the radius and the equations of the axis of the right circular cylindrical surface:

?
(1)

inscribed in this prism;

(2)

circumscribed about it.

Problem 6.89

In a regular quadrilateral pyramid SMNPQ(SSMNPQ (S is the apex), points HH and FF are the midpoints of the edges MNMN and NPNP respectively. The point EE lies on the segment SHSH, with ∣SH∣=3\left|SH\right| = 3, ∣SE∣=9/4\left|SE\right| = 9 / 4. The distance from the point SS to the line EFEF equals 5\sqrt{5}. Find the volume of the pyramid.

?
Problem 6.90

The base of a right prism ABCDA1B1C1D1ABCDA_{1} B_{1} C_{1} D_{1} is a rhombus ABCDABCD with angle ∠A=60∘\angle A = 60^{\circ }. The length of the side of the base of the prism equals aa, the length of the lateral edge equals 3a\sqrt{3} a. The point EE is the orthogonal projection of the vertex C1C_{1} onto the plane AB1D1AB_{1} D_{1}, and the point FF is the orthogonal projection of the point EE onto the plane AA1D1DAA_{1} D_{1} D. Find the volume of the pyramid ADEFADEF.

?
Problem 6.91

In a regular prism ABCA1B1C1ABCA_{1} B_{1} C_{1} the length of the lateral edge equals 3. The point MM is the midpoint of the edge ACAC, the point NN lies on the edge B1C1B_{1} C_{1}, and the point PP belongs to the face AA1B1BAA_{1} B_{1} B and is at distance 1 from the plane ABCABC. It is known that each of the lines PMPM and PNPN makes an angle of 30∘30^{\circ } with the plane AA1B1BAA_{1} B_{1} B, and the line PNPN makes an angle of 30∘30^{\circ } with the plane BB1C1CBB_{1} C_{1} C. Find the volume of the prism.

?
Problem 6.92

In a regular prism ABCA1B1C1ABCA_{1} B_{1} C_{1} the length of the side of the base equals 2a2a, the length of the lateral edge equals aa. Through the vertex AA a plane is drawn perpendicular to the line AB1AB_{1}, through the vertex BB a plane perpendicular to the line BC1BC_{1}, and through the vertex CC a plane perpendicular to the line CA1CA_{1}. Find the volume of the polyhedron bounded by these three planes and the plane A1B1C1A_{1} B_{1} C_{1}.

?