Circle homeomorphisms and rotation number

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Let ff be a continuous increasing function on the line satisfying the condition f(x+1)=f(x)+1f(x+1)=f(x)+1. Prove that

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(a)

the map z=e2πix↦φ(z)=e2πif(x)z=e^{2 \pi i x} \mapsto \varphi (z)=e^{2 \pi i f(x)} defines a homeomorphism of the circle S1={z∣∣z∣=1}S^{1}=\left\{ z \mid \left|z\right|=1\right\}, preserving the cyclic order of any three points, and that an arbitrary orientation-preserving homeomorphism of the circle can be defined in this way;

(b)

if the limit lim⁡n→∞fn(x)n=α\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty } \frac{f^{n}(x)}{n}=\alpha exists for some x0∈Rx_{0} \in \mathbb {R}, then it also exists for every x∈Rx \in \mathbb {R};

(c)

if the map φm\varphi^{m} has a fixed point for some m∈Nm \in \mathbb {N}, then the limit α\alpha exists and is a rational number;

(d)

if no power of φ\varphi has a fixed point, then the limit α\alpha exists and is an irrational number;

(e)

if two distinct functions f1f_{1} and f2f_{2} define the same homeomorphism φ\varphi, then the corresponding limits α1\alpha_{1} and α2\alpha_{2} differ by an integer.

The number α mod 1\alpha \bmod 1 defined in this way for an arbitrary orientation-preserving homeomorphism φ:S1→S1\varphi : S^{1} \rightarrow S^{1} is called the rotation number of this homeomorphism. This notion was introduced by H. Poincare.

Prove that if TT is a homeomorphism of the circle S1S^{1} with irrational rotation number α\alpha (see problem 1.43), then TT is related to the rotation TαT_{\alpha } of the circle by the angle α\alpha (i.e., Tα(e2πix)=e2πi(x+α))\left.T_{\alpha }\left(e^{2 \pi i x}\right)=e^{2 \pi i(x+\alpha )}\right) as follows: h∘T=Tα∘hh \circ T=T_{\alpha } \circ h for some continuous mapping h:S1→S1h: S^{1} \rightarrow S^{1}.

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Remark.
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The existence of an invariant measure (not necessarily absolutely continuous) is often established by means of the following Bogolyubov-Krylov theorem [KSF]: for every continuous mapping of a compact set into itself there exists a finite invariant measure.

References

[МГЛ+04] Макаров Б.М., Голузина М.Г., Лодкин А.А., Подкорытов А.Н. Избранные задачи по вещественному анализу. 2-е изд., Невский Диалект; БХВ-Петербург, 2004.