Circle homeomorphisms and rotation number
[2/100%]Let be a continuous increasing function on the line satisfying the condition . Prove that
the map defines a homeomorphism of the circle , preserving the cyclic order of any three points, and that an arbitrary orientation-preserving homeomorphism of the circle can be defined in this way;
if the limit exists for some , then it also exists for every ;
if the map has a fixed point for some , then the limit exists and is a rational number;
if no power of has a fixed point, then the limit exists and is an irrational number;
if two distinct functions and define the same homeomorphism , then the corresponding limits and differ by an integer.
The number defined in this way for an arbitrary orientation-preserving homeomorphism is called the rotation number of this homeomorphism. This notion was introduced by H. Poincare.
Prove that if is a homeomorphism of the circle with irrational rotation number (see problem 1.43), then is related to the rotation of the circle by the angle (i.e., as follows: for some continuous mapping .
The existence of an invariant measure (not necessarily absolutely continuous) is often established by means of the following Bogolyubov-Krylov theorem [KSF]: for every continuous mapping of a compact set into itself there exists a finite invariant measure.