Section 11.2

Integration of Non-Negative Measurable Functions: Fatou's Lemma, the Monotone Convergence Theorem, and Beppo Levi's Theorem

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Problem 11.11

Let {un:X→[0,∞]}\left\{ u_{n}: X \rightarrow [0, \infty ]\right\} be a sequence of measurable functions. For x∈Xx \in X, define f(x)=∑n=1∞un(x)f(x) = \sum_{n = 1}^{\infty } u_{n}(x). Show that

∫Xfdμ=∑n=1∞[∫Xundμ] \int _{X} f d \mu = \sum _{n = 1}^{\infty }\left[\int _{X} u_{n} d \mu \right]
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Problem 11.12

Show that if f:X→[0,∞]f: X \rightarrow [0, \infty ] is measurable, then

∫Xfdμ=0 if and only if f=0 almost everywhere on X \int _{X} f d \mu = 0 \text{ if and only if } f = 0 \text{ almost everywhere on } X
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Problem 11.13

Let g:X→[0,∞]g: X \rightarrow [0, \infty ] be integrable. Define

ν(E)=∫Egdμ for all E∈M \nu (E) = \int _{E} g d \mu \text{ for all } E \in \mathcal{M}
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(i)

Show that ν\nu is a measure on M\mathcal{M}.

(ii)

Let f:X→[0,∞]f: X \rightarrow [0, \infty ] be measurable. Show that

∫Xfdν=∫Xfgdμ \int _{X} f d \nu = \int _{X} f g d \mu
Problem 11.14

Let f:X→[0,∞]f: X \rightarrow [0, \infty ] and g:X→[0,∞]g: X \rightarrow [0, \infty ] be measurable functions for which f2f^{2} and g2g^{2} are integrable. Show that f⋅gf \cdot g also is integrable.

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Problem 11.15

Let XX be the union of a countable, ascending sequence of measurable sets {Xn}\left\{ X_{n}\right\} and f:X→[0,∞]f: X \rightarrow [0, \infty ] be measurable. Show that ff is integrable over XX if and only if there is an M≥0M \geq 0 for which ∫Xnfdμ≤M\int_{X_{n}} f d \mu \leq M for all nn.

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Problem 11.16

Let η\eta be the counting measure on 2N2^{\mathrm{N}}. Characterize the non-negative, real-valued functions (that is, sequences) that are integrable over N\mathbb {N} with respect to η\eta and the value of ∫Nfdη\int_{\mathbb {N}} f d \eta.

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Problem 11.17

Let x0∈Xx_{0} \in X and δx0\delta_{x_{0}} be the Dirac measure concentrated at x0x_{0}. Characterize the non-negative, real-valued functions on XX that are integrable over XX with respect to δx0\delta_{x_{0}} and the value of ∫Xfdδx0\int_{X} f d \delta_{x_{0}}.

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