Section 7

The Values at the Integers of Power Series that Converge about z=∞z=\infty

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Problem 8.188

Let the power series in descending powers of zz

bmzm+bm−1zm−1+⋯+b1z+b0+b−1z+b−2z2+b−3z3+⋯ b_mz^m+b_{m-1}z^{m-1}+\cdots +b_1z+b_0+\frac{b_{-1}}{z}+\frac{b_{-2}}{z^2}+\frac{b_{-3}}{z^3}+\cdots

converge outside some circle. Let the numbers b1,b2,…,bmb_1,b_2,\ldots ,b_m be rational. If the series assumes integral values for infinitely many integral values of zz, then b0b_0 is rational and

b−1=b−2=b−3=⋯=0. b_{-1}=b_{-2}=b_{-3}=\cdots =0 .

(Generalization of 93.) [Hurwitz--Courant, p. 30.]

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Problem 8.189

The series

2z2+1=2z+24z−232z3+2128z5−522048z7+⋯ \sqrt{2z^2+1} = \sqrt2z+\frac{\sqrt2}{4z}-\frac{\sqrt2}{32z^3}+\frac{\sqrt2}{128z^5}-\frac{5\sqrt2}{2048z^7}+\cdots

represents an integer for infinitely many integral values of zz.

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Problem 8.190

Deduce 114 from 188.

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Problem 8.191

Let the power series

F(z)=bmzm+bm−1zm−1+⋯+b1z+b0+b−1z+b−2z2+⋯ F(z) = b_mz^m+b_{m-1}z^{m-1}+\cdots +b_1z+b_0+\frac{b_{-1}}{z}+\frac{b_{-2}}{z^2}+\cdots

that is not everywhere divergent represent integers for all sufficiently large integral values of zz. Then F(z)F(z) is an integral-valued polynomial.

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Problem 8.192

If two polynomials are such that they assume integral values at the same points of the complex plane, then either their sum or their difference is a constant. (This constant is naturally an integer.)

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Problem 8.193

If mm is the degree of y=f(x)y=f(x) and nn the degree of z=g(x)z=g(x), then we have for sufficiently large ∣y∣\left|y\right|

x=a1y1m+a0+a−1y1m+a−2y2m+⋯ , x = a_1y^{\frac1m}+a_0+\frac{a_{-1}}{y^{\frac1m}}+\frac{a_{-2}}{y^{\frac2m}}+\cdots , z=bnynm+bn−1yn−1m+⋯+b0+b−1y1m+b−2y2m+⋯ , z = b_ny^{\frac nm}+b_{n-1}y^{\frac{n-1}{m}}+\cdots +b_0+\frac{b_{-1}}{y^{\frac1m}}+\frac{b_{-2}}{y^{\frac2m}}+\cdots ,

where all mm determinations are admissible for y1my^{\frac1m}.

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