Section 1

The Cauchy-Riemann Differential Equations

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Problem 3.55

Are the functions

z,z2,∣z∣,z‾ z, \quad z^{2}, \quad \left|z\right|, \quad \overline{z}

analytic?

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Problem 3.55.1

Assume that f(z)f(z) is analytic, use the notation

w=u+iv=f(z)=f(x+iy) w = u+iv = f(z) = f(x+iy)

as above and use subscripts to denote partial derivatives in the usual way. Verify that

ux2+vx2=uy2+vy2=ux2+uy2=vx2+vy2=uxvy−uyvx=∣dwdz∣2. u_{x}^{2} + v_{x}^{2} = u_{y}^{2} + v_{y}^{2} = u_{x}^{2} + u_{y}^{2} = v_{x}^{2} + v_{y}^{2} = u_{x}v_{y} - u_{y}v_{x} = \left|\frac{dw}{dz}\right|^{2}.
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Problem 3.55.2

(continued). Prove that

uxx+uyy=vxx+vyy=0. u_{xx} + u_{yy} = v_{xx} + v_{yy} = 0.
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Problem 3.55.3

(continued). Let φ(x,y)\varphi (x,y) and ψ(x,y)\psi (x,y) denote functions of the two real variables xx and yy having continuous derivatives of first order; they can also be considered as functions of uu and vv where f′(z)≠0f'(z) \neq 0. Verify that

φxψx+φyψy=(φuψu+φvψv)∣dwdz∣2. \varphi _{x}\psi _{x} + \varphi _{y}\psi _{y} = (\varphi _{u}\psi _{u} + \varphi _{v}\psi _{v})\left|\frac{dw}{dz}\right|^{2}.
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Problem 3.55.4

(continued). If φ(x,y)\varphi (x,y) has continuous derivatives of the second order, also

φxx+φyy=(φuu+φvv)∣dwdz∣2. \varphi _{xx} + \varphi _{yy} = (\varphi _{uu}+\varphi _{vv})\left|\frac{dw}{dz}\right|^{2}.
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Problem 3.55.5

(continued). Assume that a,b,ca, b, c and dd are real constants,

ad−bc=1, ad - bc = 1,

and consider

w=az+bcz+d. w = \frac{az+b}{cz+d}.

Then

φu2+φv2φx2+φy2=φuu+φvvφxx+φyy=y2v2. \frac{\varphi _{u}^{2}+\varphi _{v}^{2}}{\varphi _{x}^{2}+\varphi _{y}^{2}} = \frac{\varphi _{uu}+\varphi _{vv}}{\varphi _{xx}+\varphi _{yy}} = \frac{y^{2}}{v^{2}}.
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Problem 3.56

Find the analytic function of zz that vanishes for z=0z = 0 and has the real part

u=x(1+x2+y2)1+2x2−2y2+(x2+y2)2. u = \frac{x(1+x^{2}+y^{2})}{1+2x^{2}-2y^{2}+(x^{2}+y^{2})^{2}}.
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Problem 3.57

We denote by aa and bb, a<ba < b, two fixed real numbers, by zz a variable point in the half-plane Im(z)>0\mathrm{Im}\left(z\right) > 0 and by ω\omega the variable angle under which the interval [a,b][a,b] is seen from the point zz. If possible find an analytic function the real part of which is ω\omega.

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Problem 3.58

Show that for any analytic function f(z)=f(x+iy)f(z) = f(x+iy)

(∂2∂x2+∂2∂y2)∣f(x+iy)∣2=4∣f′(x+iy)∣2. \left(\frac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}} + \frac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}\right)\left|f(x+iy)\right|^{2} = 4\left|f'(x+iy)\right|^{2}.
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Problem 3.59

Show that for any analytic function of z=x+iyz = x+iy

(∂2∂x2+∂2∂y2)log⁡(1+∣f(x+iy)∣2)=4∣f′(x+iy)∣2(1+∣f(x+iy)∣2)2. \left(\frac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}} + \frac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}\right)\log (1+\left|f(x+iy)\right|^{2}) = \frac{4\left|f'(x+iy)\right|^{2}}{(1+\left|f(x+iy)\right|^{2})^{2}}.
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