Section 5.7

Cauchy's Theorem

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Problem 5.7.1

Evaluate

∫02πeeiθ dθ. \int _{0}^{2\pi } e^{e^{i\theta }} \, d\theta .
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Problem 5.7.2

Evaluate

∫02πe(eiθ−iθ) dθ. \int _{0}^{2\pi } e^{(e^{i\theta } - i\theta )} \, d\theta .
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Problem 5.7.3

Let aa be a complex number with ∣a∣<1\left|a\right| < 1. Evaluate the integral

∫∣z∣=1∣dz∣∣z−a∣2. \int _{\left|z\right|=1} \frac{\left|dz\right|}{\left|z-a\right|^{2}} .
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Problem 5.7.4

For 0<a<b0 < a < b, evaluate the integral

I=12π∫02π1∣aeiθ−b∣4 dθ. I = \frac{1}{2\pi } \int _{0}^{2\pi } \frac{1}{\left|a e^{i\theta } - b\right|^{4}} \, d\theta .
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Problem 5.7.5

Prove the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra: Every nonconstant polynomial with complex coefficients has a complex root.

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Problem 5.7.6

Let ff be continuous on C\mathbb {C} and analytic on {z∣Im(z)≠0}\left\{ z \mid \mathrm{Im}\left(z\right) \neq 0\right\}. Prove that ff must be analytic on C\mathbb {C}.

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Problem 5.7.7

Let f(z)f(z) be the rational function p(z)/q(z)p(z)/q(z), where p(z)p(z) and q(z)q(z) are nonzero polynomials with complex coefficients, such that the degree of p(z)p(z) is less than the degree of q(z)q(z), and such that q(z)q(z) has no complex zeros with nonnegative imaginary part. Prove that if z0z_{0} is a complex number with positive imaginary part, then

f(z0)=12πi∫−∞+∞f(t)t−z0 dt. f(z_{0}) = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int _{-\infty }^{+\infty } \frac{f(t)}{t - z_{0}} \, dt .
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Problem 5.7.8

Let f(z)=a0+a1z+⋯+anznf(z) = a_{0} + a_{1} z + \cdots + a_{n} z^{n} be a complex polynomial of degree n>0n > 0. Prove

12πi∫∣z∣=Rzn−1∣f(z)∣2 dz=a0an‾R2n. \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int _{\left|z\right|=R} z^{n-1} \left|f(z)\right|^{2} \, dz = a_{0} \overline{a_{n}} R^{2n} .
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Problem 5.7.9

Let ff be an entire function such that

∫02π∣f(reiθ)∣2 dθ≤Ar2k(0<r<∞), \int _{0}^{2\pi } \left|f(r e^{i\theta })\right|^{2} \, d\theta \leq A r^{2k} \qquad (0 < r < \infty ),

where kk is a positive integer and AA is a positive constant. Prove that ff is a constant multiple of the function zkz^{k}.

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Problem 5.7.10

Let f(z)=u(z)+iv(z)f(z) = u(z) + iv(z) be holomorphic on ∣z∣<1\left|z\right| < 1, uu and vv real. Show that

∫02πu(reiθ)2 dθ=∫02πv(reiθ)2 dθ \int _{0}^{2\pi } u(re^{i\theta })^{2} \, d\theta = \int _{0}^{2\pi } v(re^{i\theta })^{2} \, d\theta

for 0<r<10 < r < 1 if u(0)2=v(0)2u(0)^{2} = v(0)^{2}.

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Problem 5.7.11

Let f:C→Cf : \mathbb {C} \to \mathbb {C} be an analytic function such that

(1+∣z∣k)−1dmfdzm \left(1 + \left|z\right|^{k}\right)^{-1} \frac{d^{m} f}{dz^{m}}

is bounded for some kk and mm. Prove that dnf/dznd^{n} f / dz^{n} is identically zero for sufficiently large nn. How large must nn be, in terms of kk and mm?

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Problem 5.7.12

Suppose Ω\Omega is a bounded domain in C\mathbb {C} with a boundary consisting of a smooth Jordan curve γ\gamma. Let ff be holomorphic on a neighborhood of the closure of Ω\Omega, and suppose that f(z)≠0f(z) \neq 0 for z∈γz \in \gamma. Let z1,…,zkz_{1}, \ldots , z_{k} be the zeros of ff in Ω\Omega, and let njn_{j} be the order of the zero of ff at zjz_{j} (for j=1,…,kj = 1, \ldots , k).

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(1)

Use Cauchy's integral formula to show that

12πi∫γf′(z)f(z) dz=∑j=1knj. \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int _{\gamma } \frac{f'(z)}{f(z)} \, dz = \sum _{j=1}^{k} n_{j} .
(2)

Suppose that ff has only one zero z1z_{1} in Ω\Omega with multiplicity n1=1n_{1} = 1. Find a boundary integral involving ff whose value is the point z1z_{1}.

Problem 5.7.13

Let ff be an analytic function on a disc DD whose center is the point z0z_{0}. Assume that ∣f′(z)−f′(z0)∣<∣f′(z0)∣\left|f'(z) - f'(z_{0})\right| < \left|f'(z_{0})\right| on DD. Prove that ff is one-to-one on DD.

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Problem 5.7.14

Let f(z)f(z) be analytic in the annulus Ω={1<∣z∣<2}\Omega = \left\{ 1 < \left|z\right| < 2\right\}. Assume that ff has no zeros in Ω\Omega. Show that there exists an integer nn and an analytic function gg in Ω\Omega such that, for all z∈Ωz \in \Omega, f(z)=zneg(z)f(z) = z^{n} e^{g(z)}.

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Problem 5.7.15

Define the function ff on C∖[0,1]\mathbb {C} \setminus [0,1] by

f(z)=∫01tt−z dt. f(z) = \int _{0}^{1} \frac{\sqrt{t}}{t - z} \, dt .

Prove that ff is analytic, and find its Laurent series about ∞\infty.

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Problem 5.7.16

Let the function ff be analytic and bounded in the complex half-plane Re(z)>0\mathrm{Re}\left(z\right) > 0. Prove that for any positive real number cc, the function ff is uniformly continuous in the half-plane Re(z)>c\mathrm{Re}\left(z\right) > c.

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