Chapter 5

The Poisson process

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Problem 5.1

Suppose PtP_{t} is a Poisson process and we write Xt=Pt−X_{t}=P_{t-}. Is P1−X1−tP_{1}-X_{1-t} a Poisson process on [0,1][0,1] ? Why or why not?

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Problem 5.2

Let PP be a Poisson process with parameter λ\lambda. Show that

lim⁡n→∞sup⁡t≤1∣Pntn−λt∣=0, a.s.  \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty } \sup _{t \leq 1}\left|\frac{P_{n t}}{n}-\lambda t\right|=0, \quad \text{ a.s. }
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Problem 5.3

Show that if P(1)P^{(1)} and P(2)P^{(2)} are independent Poisson processes with parameters λ1\lambda_{1} and λ2\lambda_{2}, respectively, then Pt(1)+Pt(2)P_{t}^{(1)}+P_{t}^{(2)} is a Poisson process with parameter λ1+λ2\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2}.

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Problem 5.4

If XX is defined by (5.2), show that XX is a Poisson process.

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Problem 5.5

Let XtX_{t} be a stochastic process and let {Ft00}\left\{ \mathcal{F}_{t}^{00}\right\} be the filtration generated by XX. Suppose XX is a Poisson process with respect to the filtration {Ft00}\left\{ \mathcal{F}_{t}^{00}\right\}. Show that XX is a Poisson process with respect to the minimal augmented filtration generated by XX.

Hint: Imitate the proof of Proposition 2.5 .

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Problem 5.6

Suppose PtP_{t} is a Poisson process and ff and gg are non-negative bounded deterministic functions with compact support. Find necessary and sufficient conditions on ff and gg so that ∫0∞f(s)dPs\int_{0}^{\infty } f(s) d P_{s} and ∫0∞g(s)dPs\int_{0}^{\infty } g(s) d P_{s} are independent.

Hint: First show that the characteristic function of F=∫0∞f(s)dPsF=\int_{0}^{\infty } f(s) d P_{s} is

E[eiuF]=exp(∫0∞(eiuf(s)−1)ds) \mathbb {E}\left[e^{i u F}\right]=\mathrm{exp}\left(\int _{0}^{\infty }\left(e^{i u f(s)}-1\right) d s\right)
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Problem 5.7

We will talk about weak convergence in general metric spaces in Chapters 30-35. This exercise is concerned with the weak convergence of real-valued random variables as defined in Section A. 12 .

Suppose for each n,Pnn, P_{n} is a Poisson random variable with parameter λn\lambda_{n} and λn→∞\lambda_{n} \rightarrow \infty as n→∞n \rightarrow \infty. Prove that

Pn−λnλn \frac{P_{n}-\lambda _{n}}{\sqrt{\lambda _{n}}}

converges weakly to a normal random variable with mean zero and variance one.

Hint: Imitate the proof of Theorem A.51.

Assuming there is no difficulty with the convergence, we have

Cov⁡[Ws,Wt]=∑n=1∞an(s)an(t)=∑n=1∞⟨  1[0,s],φn⟩⟨  1[0,t],φn⟩=⟨  1[0,s],  1[0,t]⟩=s∧t \begin{aligned} \operatorname {Cov}\left[ W_{s}, W_{t} \right] & =\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } a_{n}(s) a_{n}(t)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty } \left\langle \; \mathbb {1}_{[0, s]}, \varphi _{n} \right\rangle \left\langle \; \mathbb {1}_{[0, t]}, \varphi _{n} \right\rangle \\ & = \left\langle \; \mathbb {1}_{[0, s]}, \; \mathbb {1}_{[0, t]} \right\rangle =s \wedge t \end{aligned}

Exercise 6.2 asks you to verify that the process WW defined by (6.8) is a mean zero Gaussian process on [0,1][0,1] with the same covariances as a Brownian motion.

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