Section 19.1

Additional operations on generalized functions

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Problem 19.1

Prove that the action of the convolution of generalized functions F,G∈D′F, G \in \mathcal{D}^{\prime } can be expressed through the direct product:

⟨F∗G,φ⟩=⟨F(x)×G(y),φ(x+y)⟩. \langle F * G, \varphi \rangle = \langle F(x) \times G(y), \varphi (x+y)\rangle .
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Problem 19.2

Compute the direct product of generalized functions of one variable:

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(a)

δ0(k)×δ0(n)\delta_{0}^{(k)} \times \delta_{0}^{(n)};

(b)

θ×θ\theta \times \theta.

Problem 19.3

Do direct products of generalized functions from D′\mathcal{D}^{\prime } form an everywhere dense set in D′(R2)\mathcal{D}^{\prime }\left(\mathbb {R}^{2}\right)? And their linear combinations?

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Problem 19.4

Find the pushforward of the function δ0(k)×δ0(n)\delta_{0}^{(k)} \times \delta_{0}^{(n)} under the map γ:R2→R,γ(x,y)=x+y\gamma : \mathbb {R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}, \gamma (x, y) = x+y.

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Problem 19.5

Find the pullback of the δ\delta-function under the map γ:R2→R,γ(x,y)=x\gamma : \mathbb {R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}, \gamma (x, y) = x.

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Problem 19.6

Find the pullback of the δ\delta-function under the map γ:R2→R2,γ(x,y)=(x+ey,y−1)\gamma : \mathbb {R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{2}, \gamma (x, y) = \left(x+e^{y}, y-1\right).

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Problem 19.7

Find the pushforward and pullback of the δ\delta-function under the linear map γ:R2→R2,γ(x)=Bx+v\gamma : \mathbb {R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{2}, \gamma (x) = B x+v, where the matrix BB is nonsingular.

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Problem 19.8

Prove that the pullback of the δ\delta-function under the map γ:R2→R,γ(x,y)=xy\gamma : \mathbb {R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}, \gamma (x, y) = x y, does not exist as an element of D′(R2)\mathcal{D}^{\prime }\left(\mathbb {R}^{2}\right), but can be defined on the subspace {φ∈D(R2):φ(0,0)=0}\left\{ \varphi \in \mathcal{D}\left(\mathbb {R}^{2}\right): \varphi (0,0) = 0\right\} as follows:

⟨Aγδ,φ⟩=∫−∞∞φ(x,0)∣x∣dx+∫−∞∞φ(0,y)∣y∣dy \left\langle A_{\gamma } \delta , \varphi \right\rangle = \int _{-\infty }^{\infty } \frac{\varphi (x, 0)}{\left|x\right|} d x+\int _{-\infty }^{\infty } \frac{\varphi (0, y)}{\left|y\right|} d y

Sometimes this action is written concisely by the Dirac formula

δ(xy)=δ(x)/∣y∣+δ(y)/∣x∣. \delta (x y) = \delta (x) /\left|y\right|+\delta (y) /\left|x\right| .
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