Metrizability of weak topologies on bounded sets

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Let XX be a normed space, with X∗X^{*} separable. Prove that the weak topology in the unit ball of the space XX is metrizable.

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Let XX be a separable normed space. Prove that the *-weak topology in the unit ball of the space X∗X^{*} is metrizable.

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Let XX be a normed space, and X∗X^{*} separable (hence, by the assertion of problem 5.42, the space XX itself is separable). Prove that weak convergence on the unit ball of the space XX is metrizable.

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Let XX be a normed space, and X∗X^{*} separable. Specify a metric w(x,y)w(x, y), defined on all of XX, such that a sequence {xn}1∞\left\{ x_{n}\right\}_{1}^{\infty } converges weakly to x∈Xx \in X if and only if two conditions hold:

  1. the sequence {xn}1∞\left\{ x_{n}\right\}_{1}^{\infty } is bounded;

  2. w(xn,x)→0w\left(x_{n}, x\right) \rightarrow 0.

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Let XX be a separable normed space. Prove that weak-* convergence on the unit ball of the space X∗X^{*} is metrizable.

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Let XX be a separable normed space. Specify a metric w(x,y)w(x, y), defined on all of X∗X^{*}, such that a sequence {fn}1∞∗\left\{ f_{n}\right\}_{1}^{\infty } *-weak converges to f∈X∗f \in X^{*} if and only if two conditions hold:

  1. the sequence {fn}1∞\left\{ f_{n}\right\}_{1}^{\infty } is bounded;

  2. w(fn,f)→0w\left(f_{n}, f\right) \rightarrow 0.

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Let XX and YY be Banach spaces, let the spaces XX and Y∗Y^{*} (and hence also the space YY) be separable, and let YY be reflexive. Prove that weak operator convergence on any bounded set of the space B(X,Y)\mathcal{B}(X, Y) is metrizable (compare with problems 7.31 and 7.46).

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Let B=ball⁡M[0,1]B = \operatorname {ball} M[0,1] and for μ,ν\mu , \nu in M[0,1]M[0,1] define

d(μ,ν)=∑n=0∞2−n∣∫01xn dμ−∫01xn dν∣. d(\mu , \nu ) = \sum _{n=0}^{\infty } 2^{-n} \left| \int _0^1 x^n \, d\mu - \int _0^1 x^n \, d\nu \right|.

Show that dd is a metric on M[0,1]M[0,1] that defines the weak-star topology on BB but not on M[0,1]M[0,1].

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If X\mathcal{X} is a Banach space and X∗\mathcal{X}^* is separable, show that

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(a)

X\mathcal{X} is separable;

(b)

if KK is a weakly compact subset of X\mathcal{X}, then KK with the relative weak topology is metrizable.

If B=ball⁡l∞B = \operatorname {ball} l^\infty, show that

d(ϕ,ψ)=∑j=1∞2−j∣ϕ(j)−ψ(j)∣ d(\phi , \psi ) = \sum _{j=1}^{\infty } 2^{-j} |\phi (j) - \psi (j)|

defines a metric on BB and that this metric defines the weak-star topology on BB.

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Is the weak topology of the unit ball in a separable Hilbert space metrizable?

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If the weak topology of the unit ball in a Hilbert space H\mathbf{H} is metrizable, must H\mathbf{H} be separable?

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Find an example of a bounded subset AA of a normed linear space X,FX, \mathcal{F} a set of functionals in X∗X^{*} containing F0\mathcal{F}_{0} as a dense subset of F\mathcal{F} (dense in the sense of the norm topology on X∗X^{*}) such that F\mathcal{F} and F0\mathcal{F}_{0} generate different weak topologies for XX, but the same weak topology for AA.

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Complete the last step of the proof of Theorem 10 by showing that the inequalities (11) imply that the metric ρ\rho induces the WW-weak topology.

Theorem 10: Let XX be a normed linear space and WW a separable subspace of X∗X^{*} that separates points in XX. Then the WW-weak topology on the closed unit ball BB of XX is metrizable. The proof constructs a countable dense subset {ψk}k=1∞\left\{ \psi_{k}\right\}_{k=1}^{\infty } of B∗∩WB^{*} \cap W (where B∗B^{*} is the closed unit ball of X∗X^{*}) and defines the metric

ρ(u,v)=∑k=1∞12k⋅∣ψk(u−v)∣ for all u,v∈B, \rho (u, v) = \sum _{k=1}^{\infty } \frac{1}{2^{k}} \cdot \left|\psi _{k}(u-v)\right| \text{ for all } u, v \in B,

for which, for each natural number nn,

12n[∑k=1n∣ψk(x)∣]≤ρ(x,0)≤∑k=1n∣ψk(x)∣+1/2n for all x∈B.(11) \frac{1}{2^{n}}\left[\sum _{k=1}^{n} \left|\psi _{k}(x)\right|\right] \leq \rho (x, 0) \leq \sum _{k=1}^{n} \left|\psi _{k}(x)\right| + 1/2^{n} \text{ for all } x \in B. \tag {11}
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Problem 3.3.28 from Rudin W. "Functional Analysis" [Rud91]More problems in Chapter 3.3 "Convexity"

Suppose XX is a Fréchet space (or, more generally, a metrizable locally convex space). Prove the following statements:

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(a)

X∗X^{*} is the union of countably many weak*-compact sets EnE_{n}.

(b)

If XX is separable, each EnE_{n} is metrizable. The weak*-topology of X∗X^{*} is therefore separable, and some countable subset of X∗X^{*} separates points on XX. (Compare with Exercise 15).

(c)

If KK is a weakly compact subset of XX and if x0∈Kx_{0} \in K is a weak limit point of some countable set E⊂KE \subset K, then there is a sequence {xn}\left\{ x_{n}\right\} in EE which converges weakly to x0x_{0}.Hint: Let YY be the smallest closed subspace of XX that contains EE. Apply (b) to YY to conclude that the weak topology of K∩YK \cap Y is metrizable.

Remark: The point of (c) is the existence of convergent subsequences rather than subnets. Note that there exist compact Hausdorff spaces in which no sequence of distinct points converges. For an example, see Exercise 18, Chapter 11.

References

[БСШ17] Бородин П.А., Савчук А.М., Шейпак И.А. Задачи по функциональному анализу. МЦНМО, 2017.
[Con07] Conway J.B. A Course in Functional Analysis. 2nd ed., Springer, 2007.
[Hal82] Halmos P.R. A Hilbert Space Problem Book. 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, 1982.
[RoFi23] Royden H.L., Fitzpatrick P.M. Real Analysis. 5th ed., Pearson, 2023.
[Rud91] Rudin W. Functional Analysis. 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1991.