Pullback of cohomology classes under smooth maps

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Let T2T^{2} be the two-dimensional torus and let φ:S2→T2\varphi : S^{2} \to T^{2} be smooth map. Show that for any top de Rham cohomology class [v]∈H2(T2)[v] \in H^{2}(T^{2}), we have φ∗[v]=0\varphi^{*}[v] = 0.

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Suppose F:M→NF : M \to N is a smooth map between differentiable manifolds, and is homotopically trivial. Show that in this case, F∗ωF^*\omega will be exact whenever ω\omega is a closed 1-form on NN. [Note: FF is homotopically trivial if it extends to a smooth mapping Fˉ:M×[0,1]→N\bar F : M \times [0,1] \to N such that Fˉ(x,0)=F(x)\bar F(x,0) = F(x), for all x∈Mx \in M, while Fˉ(x,1)≡q∈N\bar F(x,1) \equiv q \in N (qq constant) for all xx.]

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References

[CJP+11] Chen J., Jiang G., Pan Y., Qin T., Tong Y., Wu Q., Xu S., Li T. Problems and Solutions in Mathematics. 2nd ed., World Scientific, 2011.