Non-measurable sets from a well-ordering of the continuum

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Prove that there exists a non-measurable set E⊂[0,1]×[0,1]E \subset [0,1] \times [0,1] with the property that it intersects every vertical line at exactly one point.

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By Example 1.4.13, there is a well-ordered set WW and a bijection j:[0,1]→Wj:[0,1] \rightarrow W such that for any x∈[0,1],j(x)x \in [0,1], j(x) has at most a countable number of predecessors. Let QQ be the set of points (x,y)(x, y) in [0,1]×[0,1][0,1] \times [0,1] such that j(x)j(x) precedes j(y)j(y), and let f=χQf=\chi_{Q}. Prove that (8.9) is not true for (X,M,μ)=(Y,N,λ)=[0,1](X, \mathfrak {M}, \mu )=(Y, \mathfrak {N}, \lambda )=[0,1] with Lebesgue measure. Explain why it does not contradict Theorem 8.2.1.

Theorem 8.2.1, with formulas (8.8) and (8.9): Let (X,M,μ)(X, \mathfrak {M}, \mu ) and (Y,N,λ)(Y, \mathfrak {N}, \lambda ) be σ\sigma-finite measure spaces and let Q∈M⊗NQ \in \mathfrak {M} \otimes \mathfrak {N}. If φ(x)=λ(Qx)\varphi (x)=\lambda (Q_{x}) and ψ(y)=μ(Qy)\psi (y)=\mu (Q^{y}) (formula (8.8)), where Qx={y∈Y:(x,y)∈Q}Q_{x}=\left\{ y \in Y: (x, y) \in Q\right\} and Qy={x∈X:(x,y)∈Q}Q^{y}=\left\{ x \in X: (x, y) \in Q\right\}, then φ\varphi is M\mathfrak {M}-measurable, ψ\psi is N\mathfrak {N}-measurable and

∫Xφ dμ=∫Yψ dλ,(8.9) \int _{X} \varphi \, d\mu =\int _{Y} \psi \, d\lambda , \tag {8.9}

which is equivalent to ∫Xdμ(x)∫YχQ(x,y) dλ(y)=∫Ydλ(y)∫XχQ(x,y) dμ(x)\int_{X} d\mu (x) \int_{Y} \chi_{Q}(x, y) \, d\lambda (y)=\int_{Y} d\lambda (y) \int_{X} \chi_{Q}(x, y) \, d\mu (x).

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References

[Pet25] Petrovic J.S. Measure and Integral: Theory and Practice. CRC Press, 2025.