Flux of a vector field

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In a steady stationary flow of fluid, the density and velocity at each point of the flow do not depend on time, i.e., ρ=ρ(x;y),v=(u(x;y);v(x;y))\rho = \rho (x ; y), \mathbf{v} = (u(x ; y) ; v(x ; y)).

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(1)

Find the quantity of fluid passing per unit time through a bounded region GG with piecewise smooth boundary ∂G\partial G;

(2)

obtain an equation for uu and vv, assuming that in the region GG fluid neither arises nor vanishes (i.e., there are neither sources nor sinks) and that the fluid is incompressible.

Calculate the integrals. ∬S(x2+y2)dxdy,S\iint_{S}\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right) d x d y, S — the lower side of the disk x2+y2⩽4x^{2}+y^{2} \leqslant 4, z=0z = 0.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬S(2z−x)dydz+(x+2z)dzdx+3zdxdy,S\iint_{S}(2 z-x) d y d z+(x+2 z) d z d x+3 z d x d y, S — the upper side of the triangle x+4y+z=4,x⩾0,y⩾0,z⩾0x+4 y+z = 4, x \geqslant 0, y \geqslant 0, z \geqslant 0.

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Calculate the integrals.

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(1)

∬Sxzdxdy\iint_{S} x z d x d y;

(2)

∬Syzdydz+zxdzdx+xydxdy;S\iint_{S} y z d y d z+z x d z d x+x y d x d y ; \quad S the inner side of the surface of the tetrahedron x+y+z⩽1,x⩾0x+y+z \leqslant 1, x \geqslant 0, y⩾0,z⩾0y \geqslant 0, z \geqslant 0.

Calculate the integrals. ∬Sf1(x)dydz+f2(y)dzdx+f3(z)dxdy\iint_{S} f_{1}(x) d y d z+f_{2}(y) d z d x+f_{3}(z) d x d y, where f1,f2,f3f_{1}, f_{2}, f_{3} are continuous functions, SS is the outer side of the surface of the parallelepiped 0⩽x⩽a,0⩽y⩽b,0⩽z⩽c0 \leqslant x \leqslant a, 0 \leqslant y \leqslant b, 0 \leqslant z \leqslant c.

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Calculate the integrals.

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(1)

∬Sydzdx\iint_{S} y d z d x;

(2)

∬Sx2dydz;S\iint_{S} x^{2} d y d z ; S — the outer side of the sphere x2+y2+z2=R2x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}.

Calculate the integrals.

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(1)

∬S(x5+z)dydz\iint_{S}\left(x^{5}+z\right) d y d z;

(2)

∬Sx2y2zdxdy;S\iint_{S} x^{2} y^{2} z d x d y ; S — the inner side of the hemisphere x2+y2+z2=R2,z⩽0x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, z \leqslant 0.

Calculate the integrals. ∬Sx2dydz+z2dxdy,S\iint_{S} x^{2} d y d z+z^{2} d x d y, \quad S — the outer side of part of the sphere x2+y2+z2=R2,x⩽0,y⩾0x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, x \leqslant 0, y \geqslant 0.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Sx2dydz+y2dzdx+z2dxdy,S\iint_{S} x^{2} d y d z+y^{2} d z d x+z^{2} d x d y, S — the outer side of the sphere (x−a)2+(y−b)2+(z−c)2=R2(x-a)^{2}+(y-b)^{2}+(z-c)^{2} = R^{2}.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬z2dxdy,S\iint z^{2} d x d y, S — the inner side of the hemisphere (x−a)2+(y−b)2+z2=R2,z⩾0(x-a)^{2} + (y-b)^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, z \geqslant 0.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬S(x−1)3dydz,S\iint_{S}(x-1)^{3} d y d z, S — the outer side of the hemisphere x2+y2+z2=2x,z⩽0x^{2}+y^{2} + z^{2} = 2 x, z \leqslant 0.

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Calculate the integrals.

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(1)

∬Sdzdx\iint_{S} d z d x;

(2)

∬Sxdydz\iint_{S} x d y d z;

(3)

∬Sx2dydz\iint_{S} x^{2} d y d z;

(4)

∬Sdxdyz;S\iint_{S} \frac{d x d y}{z} ; S — the outer side of the ellipsoid x2/a2+y2/b2+z2/c2=1x^{2} / a^{2}+y^{2} / b^{2}+z^{2} / c^{2} = 1.

Calculate the integrals.

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(1)

∬Syzdzdx\iint_{S} y z d z d x;

(2)

∬Sx3dydz+y3dzdx;S\iint_{S} x^{3} d y d z+y^{3} d z d x ; S — the outer side of part of the ellipsoid x2/a2+y2/b2+z2/c2=1,z⩾0x^{2} / a^{2}+y^{2} / b^{2}+z^{2} / c^{2} = 1, z \geqslant 0.

Calculate the integrals. ∬S(2x2+y2+z2)dydz,S\iint_{S}\left(2 x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right) d y d z, S — the outer side of the lateral surface of the cone y2+z2⩽x⩽H\sqrt{y^{2}+z^{2}} \leqslant x \leqslant H.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬S(y−z)dydz+(z−x)dzdx+(x−y)dxdy,S\iint_{S}(y-z) d y d z+(z-x) d z d x+(x-y) d x d y, S — one of the sides of the surface x2+y2=z2,0<z⩽Hx^{2}+y^{2} = z^{2}, 0 < z \leqslant H.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Syz2dxdz,S\iint_{S} y z^{2} d x d z, S — the inner side of part of the cylindrical surface x2+y2=r2,y⩽0,0⩽z⩽rx^{2}+y^{2} = r^{2}, y \leqslant 0,0 \leqslant z \leqslant r.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Syzdxdy+zxdydz+xydzdx,S\iint_{S} y z d x d y+z x d y d z+x y d z d x, S — the outer side of part of the cylinder x2+y2=r2,x⩽0,y⩾0,0⩽z⩽Hx^{2}+y^{2} = r^{2}, x \leqslant 0, y \geqslant 0,0 \leqslant z \leqslant H.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Sx6dydz+y4dzdx+z2dxdy,S\iint_{S} x^{6} d y d z+y^{4} d z d x+z^{2} d x d y, S — the lower side of part of the elliptic paraboloid z=x2+y2,z⩽1z = x^{2}+y^{2}, z \leqslant 1.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Sxdydz+ydzdx+zdxdy,S\iint_{S} x d y d z+y d z d x+z d x d y, S — the upper side of part of the hyperbolic paraboloid z=x2−y2,∣y∣⩽x⩽az = x^{2}-y^{2},\left|y\right| \leqslant x \leqslant a.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Sxdydz+ydzdx+zdxdy\iint_{S} x d y d z+y d z d x+z d x d y, where SS is the outer side of the surface formed by rotating about the axis zz the curve:

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(1)

y=2−∣z−1∣,z∈[0;2]y = 2-\left|z-1\right|, z \in [0 ; 2];

(2)

x=1+sin⁡z,z∈[0;π]x = 1+\sin z, z \in [0 ; \pi ].

Calculate the integrals. ∬Sx2dydz+y2dzdx+z2dxdy\iint_{S} x^{2} d y d z+y^{2} d z d x+z^{2} d x d y, where SS :

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(1)

the lower side of the hemisphere x2+y2+z2=R2,z⩾0x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, z \geqslant 0;

(2)

the upper side of part of the surface of the paraboloid x2+y2+2az=a2,z⩾0x^{2}+y^{2} + 2 a z = a^{2}, z \geqslant 0

(3)

the lower side of part of the conical surface x2+y2=z2x^{2}+y^{2} = z^{2}, 0<z⩽H0 < z \leqslant H.

Calculate the integrals. ∬S(z2−y2)dydz+(x2−z2)dzdx+(y2−x2)dxdy\iint_{S} \left(z^{2}-y^{2}\right) d y d z+\left(x^{2}-z^{2}\right) d z d x+\left(y^{2}-x^{2}\right) d x d y, SS — the upper side of the hemisphere x2+y2+z2=R2,z⩾0x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, z \geqslant 0.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Sx2ydydz+xy2dzdx+xyzdxdy,S\iint_{S} x^{2} y d y d z+x y^{2} d z d x+x y z d x d y, \quad S — the lower side of part of the sphere x2+y2+z2=R2,x⩾0,y⩾0,z⩾0x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, x \geqslant 0, y \geqslant 0, z \geqslant 0.

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Calculate the integrals. ∬Sx2ydydz−xy2dzdx+(x2+y2)zdxdy,S\iint_{S} x^{2} y d y d z-x y^{2} d z d x+\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right) z d x d y, S — the outer side of part of the cylindrical surface x2+y2=R2,0⩽z⩽Hx^{2}+y^{2} = R^{2}, 0 \leqslant z \leqslant H.

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Find the flux of the field a through the surface SS, oriented by the normal n\mathbf{n}, S(r=xi+yj+zk,r=∣r∣)S(\mathbf{r} = x \mathbf{i}+y \mathbf{j}+z \mathbf{k}, r = \left|\mathbf{r}\right|).

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(1)

a=axi+ayj+azk\mathbf{a} = a_{x} \mathbf{i}+a_{y} \mathbf{j}+a_{z} \mathbf{k}, where ax,ay,az=consta_{x}, a_{y}, a_{z} = \mathrm{const}, SS is a disk of radius RR lying in the plane (r,n)=d(\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{n}) = d;

(2)

a=r,S\mathbf{a} = \mathbf{r}, S — the outer side of the cone x2+y2⩽z⩽h\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}} \leqslant z \leqslant h;

(3)

a=r,S\mathbf{a} = \mathbf{r}, S — the outer side of the surface of the cylinder x2+y2⩽R2,0⩽z⩽hx^{2}+y^{2} \leqslant R^{2}, 0 \leqslant z \leqslant h

(4)

a=r/r3,S\mathbf{a} = \mathbf{r} / r^{3}, S — the outer side of the sphere x2+y2+z2=R2x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2};

(5)

a=f(r)r,S\mathbf{a} = f(r) \mathbf{r}, S — the outer side of the sphere x2+y2+z2=R2x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}.

Find the flux of the field a through the surface SS, oriented by the normal n\mathbf{n}, S(r=xi+yj+zk,r=∣r∣)S(\mathbf{r} = x \mathbf{i}+y \mathbf{j}+z \mathbf{k}, r = \left|\mathbf{r}\right|).

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(1)

a=(x−2z;x+3y+z;5x+y);S\mathbf{a} = (x-2 z ; x+3 y+z ; 5 x+y) ; S — the side of the plane triangle with vertices (1;0;0)(1 ; 0 ; 0), (0;1;0),(0;0;1)(0 ; 1 ; 0),(0 ; 0 ; 1) opposite to the origin;

(2)

a=(x2;y2;z2);S\mathbf{a} = \left(x^{2} ; y^{2} ; z^{2}\right) ; S — the outer side of the total surface of the pyramid bounded by the planes x+y+z=1,x=0,y=0,z=0x+y+z = 1, x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;

(3)

a=(y2;x2;z2);S\mathbf{a} = \left(y^{2} ; x^{2} ; z^{2}\right) ; S — part of the outer side of the cylinder x2+y2=a2x^{2}+y^{2} = a^{2}, located in the first octant between the planes z=0z = 0 and z=a,a>0z = a, a > 0

(4)

a=(0;y2;z);S\mathbf{a} = \left(0 ; y^{2} ; z\right) ; S — the bounded part of the outer side of the paraboloid z=x2+y2z = x^{2}+y^{2}, cut off by the plane z=2z = 2;

(5)

a=(x;y;x2+y2−1);S\mathbf{a} = \left(x ; y ; \sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}-1}\right) ; S — part of the outer side of the hyperboloid x2+y2−z2=1x^{2}+y^{2}-z^{2} = 1, enclosed between the planes z=0z = 0 and z=3z = \sqrt{3}

(6)

a=(y;z;x)\mathbf{a} = (y ; z ; x); SS — part of the inner side of the cylinder x2+y2=R2x^{2}+y^{2} = R^{2}; located in the region x>∣z∣x > \left|z\right|;

(7)

a=(3x;−y;−z);S\mathbf{a} = (3 x ;-y ;-z) ; S — part of the outer side of the paraboloid x2+y2=9−zx^{2}+y^{2} = 9-z, located in the first octant;

(8)

a=(xy;yz;zx);S\mathbf{a} = (x y ; y z ; z x) ; S — part of the outer side of the sphere x2+y2+z2=1x^{2}+y^{2} + z^{2} = 1, located in the first octant;

(9)

a=(xz;yz;z2);S\mathbf{a} = \left(x z ; y z ; z^{2}\right) ; S — part of the outer side of the sphere x2+y2+z2=9x^{2}+y^{2} + z^{2} = 9, located in the region z>2z > 2;

(10)

a=(x;y;xyz);S\mathbf{a} = (x ; y ; x y z) ; S — part of the outer side of the cylinder x2+y2=R2x^{2} + y^{2} = R^{2}, located in the region x>∣y∣x > \left|y\right| and cut off by the plane z=0z = 0 and the paraboloid z=x2−y2z = x^{2}-y^{2};

(11)

a=(xy−y2;−x2+xy+2x;z);S\mathbf{a} = \left(x y-y^{2} ;-x^{2}+x y+2 x ; z\right) ; S — part of the outer side of the cylinder x2+y2=1x^{2}+y^{2} = 1, cut off by the cone z2=x2/2+y2z^{2} = x^{2} / 2+y^{2}.

Find the flux of the field a through the surface SS either directly or by the Gauss-Ostrogradsky theorem, if:

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(1)

a=x3i+y3j+z3k,S\mathbf{a} = x^{3} \mathbf{i}+y^{3} \mathbf{j}+z^{3} \mathbf{k}, S — the outer surface of the cube ∣x∣<a\left|x\right| < a, ∣y∣<a,∣z∣<a\left|y\right| < a,\left|z\right| < a

(2)

a=(z−y)i+(x−z)j+(y−x)k;S\mathbf{a} = (z-y) \mathbf{i}+(x-z) \mathbf{j}+(y-x) \mathbf{k} ; S — the total outer surface of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x+y+z=1,x+y−z=1,y=0,x=0x+y+z = 1, x+y-z = 1, y = 0, x = 0

(3)

a=y2zi−yz2j+x(y2+z2)k;S\mathbf{a} = y^{2} z \mathbf{i}-y z^{2} \mathbf{j}+x\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right) \mathbf{k} ; S — the total outer surface of the cylinder y2+z2⩽a2,0⩽x⩽ay^{2}+z^{2} \leqslant a^{2}, 0 \leqslant x \leqslant a;

(4)

a=2xi+2yj−zk;S\mathbf{a} = 2 x \mathbf{i}+2 y \mathbf{j}-z \mathbf{k} ; S — the total outer surface of the cone x2+y2⩽z⩽H\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}} \leqslant z \leqslant H;

(5)

a=(x+z)i+(y+x)j+(z+y)k;S\mathbf{a} = (x+z) \mathbf{i}+(y+x) \mathbf{j}+(z+y) \mathbf{k} ; S — the outer surface of the body x2+y2⩽R2,0⩽z⩽yx^{2}+y^{2} \leqslant R^{2}, 0 \leqslant z \leqslant y;

(6)

a=x2yi+xy2j+xyzk;S\mathbf{a} = x^{2} y \mathbf{i}+x y^{2} \mathbf{j}+x y z \mathbf{k} ; S — the outer surface of the body x2+y2+z2⩽R2,x⩾0,y⩾0,z⩾0x^{2} + y^{2}+z^{2} \leqslant R^{2}, x \geqslant 0, y \geqslant 0, z \geqslant 0

(7)

a=x2yzi+xy2zj+xyz2k;S\mathbf{a} = x^{2} y z \mathbf{i}+x y^{2} z \mathbf{j}+x y z^{2} \mathbf{k} ; S — part of the outer side of the ellipsoid x2/a2+y2/b2+z2/c2=1x^{2} / a^{2}+y^{2} / b^{2}+z^{2} / c^{2} = 1, located in the first octant;

(8)

a=x3i+y3j+z3k;S\mathbf{a} = x^{3} \mathbf{i}+y^{3} \mathbf{j}+z^{3} \mathbf{k} ; S — half of the outer side of the sphere x2+y2+z2=R2,z⩾0x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, z \geqslant 0;

(9)

a=(zn−yn)i+(xn−zn)j+(yn−xn)k;S\mathbf{a} = \left(z^{n}-y^{n}\right) \mathbf{i}+\left(x^{n}-z^{n}\right) \mathbf{j}+\left(y^{n}-x^{n}\right) \mathbf{k} ; S — half of the outer side of the sphere x2+y2+z2=R2,z⩾0x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = R^{2}, z \geqslant 0.

Let A(r)=∑i,j=13aijxixjA(\mathbf{r}) = \sum_{i, j = 1}^{3} a_{i j} x_{i} x_{j} be a positive definite quadratic form, r=x1i+x2j+x3k\mathbf{r} = x_{1} \mathbf{i}+x_{2} \mathbf{j}+x_{3} \mathbf{k}. Find the flux of the field a=r⋅(A(r))−3/2\mathbf{a} = \mathbf{r} \cdot (A(\mathbf{r}))^{-3 / 2} through the unit sphere ∣r∣=1\left|\mathbf{r}\right| = 1.

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Give, with accuracy up to o(ε3)o\left(\varepsilon^{3}\right), the approximate value of the flux of the field a:

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(1)

from problem 38, item 4) through the outer side of the sphere with center (3;4;0)(3 ; 4 ; 0) and radius ε\varepsilon;

(2)

from problem 38, item 5) through the outer side of the surface of the cube with center (1;1;2)(1 ; 1 ; 2) and edge length ε\varepsilon.

Let a bounded region GG have a piecewise smooth boundary ∂G\partial G, oriented by the outward normal. Prove that the flux of the radius vector r\mathbf{r} through ∂G\partial G equals 3μG3 \mu G, where μG\mu G is the volume of GG.

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Let the piecewise smooth boundary ∂G\partial G of the region GG be oriented by the normal n,c\mathbf{n}, c a constant vector. Prove that

∬∂Gcos⁡(n,c^)dS=0. \iint _{\partial G} \cos (\widehat{\mathbf{n}, \mathbf{c}}) d S = 0.
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Let SS be a smooth surface, oriented by the normal n\mathbf{n}, and suppose the closure of SS does not contain the origin. Show that the integral

∬Scos⁡(r,n^)⋅dS \iint _{S} \cos (\widehat{\mathbf{r}, \mathbf{n}}) \cdot d S

is the flux of some field through SS.

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Let a bounded region GG have a piecewise smooth boundary ∂G\partial G, oriented by the outward normal, M0M_{0} a fixed point of GG,

a(M)=M0M‾/∣M0M∣3, \mathbf{a}(M) = \overline{M_{0} M} /\left|M_{0} M\right|^{3},

Sε(M0)S_{\varepsilon }\left(M_{0}\right) is the sphere with center M0M_{0} and radius ε\varepsilon, lying in GG, oriented by the outward normal. Prove that the flux of a through ∂G\partial G equals the flux of aa through Sε(M0)S_{\varepsilon }\left(M_{0}\right).

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Let a bounded region GG have a piecewise smooth boundary ∂G\partial G, oriented by the outward normal, M0M_{0} a fixed point,

a(M)=M0M‾/∣M0M∣3 \mathbf{a}(M) = \overline{M_{0} M} /\left|M_{0} M\right|^{3}

Find the flux of the field a through ∂G\partial G, if:

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(1)

M0∉GˉM_{0} \notin \bar{G};

(2)

M0∈GM_{0} \in G.

Under the conditions of problem 83, let M0∈∂GM_{0} \in \partial G and, in a neighborhood of M0M_{0}, the boundary ∂G\partial G be twice continuously differentiable. Let ∂Gε\partial G_{\varepsilon } be the part of the boundary ∂G\partial G lying inside the ball ∣M0M‾∣⩽ε\left|\overline{M_{0} M}\right| \leqslant \varepsilon, and let Πε\Pi_{\varepsilon } be the flux of the field a through ∂G\∂Gε\partial G \backslash \partial G_{\varepsilon }. Find lim⁡ε→0Πε\lim_{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0} \Pi_{\varepsilon }.

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Let γ\gamma be a smooth plane simple (p. 295) curve whose closure does not contain the origin, n\mathbf{n} being a continuous unit normal to γ\gamma. Show that the Gauss integral

∫γcos⁡(rr,n)⋅ds \int _{\gamma } \cos \left(\frac{\mathbf{r}}{r}, \mathbf{n}\right) \cdot d s

is the flux of some field through γ\gamma.

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Under the conditions of problem 8787, let γ\gamma be the boundary of a bounded region GG. Calculate the Gauss integral, if:

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(1)

O∉GˉO \notin \bar{G};

(2)

O∈GO \in G.

Show that the value of the Gauss integral from problem 87 equals the polar angle at which the curve γ\gamma is seen from the origin.

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References

[ККЧ+03] Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. Функции многих переменных. 2-е изд., ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003.