Level sets and range of functions of several variables

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=x+yz=x+y.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=x2+y2z=x^{2}+y^{2}.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=x2−y2z=x^{2}-y^{2}.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=(x+y)2z=(x+y)^{2}.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=yxz=\dfrac {y}{x}.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=1x2+2y2z=\dfrac {1}{x^{2}+2y^{2}}.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=xyz=\sqrt{xy}.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=∣x∣+yz=\left|x\right|+y.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=∣x∣+∣y∣−∣x+y∣z=\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|-\left|x+y\right|.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=e2xx2+y2z=e^{\frac{2x}{x^{2}+y^{2}}}.

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=xyz=x^{y} (x>0)(x>0).

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=xye−xz=x^{y}e^{-x} (x>0)(x>0).

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=ln⁡(x−a)2+y2(x+a)2+y2z=\ln \sqrt{\dfrac {(x-a)^{2}+y^{2}}{(x+a)^{2}+y^{2}}} (a>0)(a>0).

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=arctan⁡2ayx2+y2−a2z=\arctan \dfrac {2ay}{x^{2}+y^{2}-a^{2}} (a>0)(a>0).

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Sketch the level curves of the following function: z=\sgn(sin⁡xsin⁡y)z=\sgn (\sin x \sin y).

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Find the level surfaces of the following function: u=x+y+zu=x+y+z.

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Find the level surfaces of the following function: u=x2+y2+z2u=x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}.

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Find the level surfaces of the following function: u=x2+y2−z2u=x^{2}+y^{2}-z^{2}.

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Find the level surfaces of the following function: u=(x+y)2+z2u=(x+y)^{2}+z^{2}.

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Find the level surfaces of the following function: u=\sgnsin⁡(x2+y2+z2)u=\sgn \sin (x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}).

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Find the set of values of the function given by the formula:

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(1)

u=x2−2xy+y2+2x−2y−3u = x^{2}-2 x y+y^{2}+2 x-2 y-3

(2)

u=2+x+y−x2−2xy−y2u = \sqrt{2+x+y-x^{2}-2 x y-y^{2}};

(3)

u=ln⁡(4x2+2y2−4xy+12x−12y+21)u = \ln \left(4 x^{2}+2 y^{2}-4 x y+12 x-12 y+21\right);

(4)

u=log⁡yx+log⁡xyu = \log_{y} x+\log_{x} y;

(5)

u=e2xy−exy+2u = e^{2 x y}-e^{x y}+2;

(6)

u=3sin⁡(y/x)+8sin⁡2(y/2x)u = 3 \sin (y / x)+8 \sin^{2}(y / 2 x);

(7)

u=3sin⁡(x−y)+6sin⁡(x+y)+4cos⁡(x−y)+8(x+y)u = 3 \sin (x-y)+6 \sin (x+y)+4 \cos (x-y)+8(x+y);

(8)

u=arccos⁡1+x2y22xyu = \arccos \frac{1+x^{2} y^{2}}{2 x y}.

Find the set of values of the functions u=f(x;y),(x;y)∈Eu = f(x ; y),(x ; y) \in E:

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(1)

u=x−2y−3,E={(x;y):x+y=1,x⩾0,y⩾0}u = x-2 y-3, E = \left\{ (x ; y): x+y = 1, x \geqslant 0, y \geqslant 0\right\};

(2)

u=x2−xy+y2,E={(x;y):∣x∣+∣y∣=1}u = x^{2}-x y+y^{2}, E = \left\{ (x ; y):\left|x\right|+\left|y\right| = 1\right\};

(3)

u=x2+y2−12x+16y+25,E={(x;y):x2+y2=25}u = x^{2}+y^{2}-12 x+16 y+25, E = \left\{ (x ; y): x^{2}+y^{2} = 25\right\};

(4)

u=ln⁡(2x2+3y2),E={(x;y):x+y=2,x⩾0,y⩾0}u = \ln \left(2 x^{2}+3 y^{2}\right), E = \left\{ (x ; y): x+y = 2, x \geqslant 0, y \geqslant 0\right\};

(5)

u=x4+y44,E={(x;y):x+y=2}u = \sqrt[4]{x^{4}+y^{4}}, E = \left\{ (x ; y): x+y = 2\right\}.

Find the set of values of the function given by the formula:

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(1)

u=x2+2y2+5z2+2xy+4yz−20zu = x^{2}+2 y^{2}+5 z^{2}+2 x y+4 y z-20 z

(2)

u=x2+y2+3z2+4xy+2xz+2yzu = x^{2}+y^{2}+3 z^{2}+4 x y+2 x z+2 y z

(3)

u=x2+y2+2x+5+2x2+z2+4x+11u = \sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+2 x+5}+\sqrt{2 x^{2}+z^{2}+4 x+11};

(4)

u=4x2+y2+z2+2xy−4z+5u = \sqrt{4 x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+2 x y-4 z+5}

(5)

u=3ln⁡(∣x∣+∣y∣+∣z∣)−ln⁡∣xyz∣u = 3 \ln (|x|+|y|+|z|)-\ln |x y z|.

Find the set of values of the functions u=f(x;y;z),(x;y;z)∈E:u = f(x ; y ; z),(x ; y ; z) \in E:

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(1)

u=x2+y2+z2,E={(x;y;z):x+y+z=6}u = x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}, E = \left\{ (x ; y ; z): x+y+z = 6\right\};

(2)

u=1x2+y2+z2−2x+3,E={(x;y;z):x+y−z=1}u = \frac{1}{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}-2 x+3}, E = \left\{ (x ; y ; z): x+y-z = 1\right\};

(3)

u=x2+2y2+3z2+2yz,E={(x;y;z):x2+y2+z2=100}u = \sqrt{x^{2}+2 y^{2}+3 z^{2}+2 y z}, E = \left\{ (x ; y ; z): x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} = 100\right\};

(4)

u=arctg⁡xy−(ln⁡(1+xz))/2,E={(x;y;z):x=y=z}u = \operatorname {arctg} \sqrt{x y}-(\ln (1+x z)) / 2, E = \left\{ (x ; y ; z): x = y = z\right\}.

Find the domain and the set of values of the function of four variables given by the formula:

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(1)

u=1/(x12+x22+x32+x42−1)u = 1 /\left(x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+x_{3}^{2}+x_{4}^{2}-1\right);

(2)

u=1−x12+4−x22+9−x32+16−x42u = \sqrt{1-x_{1}^{2}}+\sqrt{4-x_{2}^{2}}+\sqrt{9-x_{3}^{2}}+\sqrt{16-x_{4}^{2}};

(3)

u=7−x12−x22−x32−x42−2x3−2x4u = \sqrt{7-x_{1}^{2}-x_{2}^{2}-x_{3}^{2}-x_{4}^{2}-2 x_{3}-2 x_{4}};

(4)

u=ln⁡(144(1−x12)−36x22−16x32−9x42)u = \ln \left(144\left(1-x_{1}^{2}\right)-36 x_{2}^{2}-16 x_{3}^{2}-9 x_{4}^{2}\right).

Problem 3.2.19 from Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. "Функции многих переменных" [ККЧ+03]More problems in Subsection 3.2.2 "Problems"

Find the cc-level set of the function of two variables:

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(1)

u=y−xu = y-x;

(2)

u=y−xu = \sqrt{y-x};

(3)

u=1/(x2+y2)u = 1 /\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right);

(4)

u=ln⁡(1−x2−y2)u = \ln \left(1-x^{2}-y^{2}\right);

(5)

u=36−4x2−9y2u = \sqrt{36-4 x^{2}-9 y^{2}};

(6)

u=1/x2−y2u = 1 / \sqrt{x^{2}-y^{2}};

(7)

u=x/yu = \sqrt{x} / y;

(8)

u=x+y+x−yu = \sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{x-y};

(9)

u=((x−1)2+y2)/((x+1)2+y2)u = \left((x-1)^{2}+y^{2}\right) /\left((x+1)^{2}+y^{2}\right);

(10)

u=ln⁡((x−1)2+y2)/((x+1)2+y2)u = \ln \sqrt{\left((x-1)^{2}+y^{2}\right) /\left((x+1)^{2}+y^{2}\right)};

(11)

u=xyu = x^{y};

(12)

u=e2x/(x2+y2)u = e^{2 x /\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right)};

(13)

u=y−sin⁡xu = \sqrt{y-\sin x};

(14)

u=ln⁡x−ln⁡sin⁡yu = \ln x-\ln \sin y;

(15)

u=arcsin⁡(y/x)u = \arcsin (y / x);

(16)

u=arctg⁡(2y/(x2+y2−1))u = \operatorname {arctg}\left(2 y /\left(x^{2}+y^{2}-1\right)\right);

(17)

u=1−2∣x∣−∣y∣u = \sqrt{1-2\left|x\right|-\left|y\right|};

(18)

u=∣x∣+∣y∣−∣x+y∣u = \left|x\right|+\left|y\right|-\left|x+y\right|;

(19)

u=min⁡(x,y)u = \min (x, y);

(20)

u=max⁡(∣x∣,∣y∣)u = \max (\left|x\right|,\left|y\right|);

(21)

y=min⁡(x2,y)y = \min \left(x^{2}, y\right);

(22)

u=sign⁡(sin⁡xsin⁡y)u = \sqrt{\operatorname {sign}(\sin x \sin y)}.

Find the cc-level set of the function of three variables:

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(1)

u=x+2y+3zu = x+2 y+3 z;

(2)

u=ex+2y+3zu = e^{x+2 y+3 z};

(3)

u=x2+y2+4z2u = x^{2}+y^{2}+4 z^{2};

(4)

u=1/(x2+y2+z2+2x)u = 1 /\left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}+2 x\right);

(5)

u=ln⁡(x2+y2+z2)u = \ln \left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right);

(6)

u=x2+y2−z2u = x^{2}+y^{2}-z^{2};

(7)

u=ln⁡(z2−x2−y2)u = \ln \left(z^{2}-x^{2}-y^{2}\right);

(8)

u=(x−y)2+z2u = (x-y)^{2}+z^{2};

(9)

u=1/x+1/zu = 1 / x+1 / z;

(10)

u=z/(x+y+z−1)u = z /(x+y+z-1);

(11)

u=2z/(x2+y2+z2)u = 2 z /\left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right);

(12)

u=2z/(x2+y2)u = 2 z /\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right);

(13)

u=ln⁡((1+x2+y2+z2)/(1−x2+y2+z2))u = \ln \left(\left(1+\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}\right) /\left(1-\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}\right)\right);

(14)

u=2(x2+y2+z2)−(3+x4+y4+z4)u = \sqrt{2\left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right)-\left(3+x^{4}+y^{4}+z^{4}\right)};

(15)

u=(x+1)2+y2+z2+(x−1)2+y2+z2u = \sqrt{(x+1)^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}+\sqrt{(x-1)^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}};

(16)

u=ln⁡(1−∣x∣−∣y∣−∣z∣)u = \ln (1-\left|x\right|-\left|y\right|-\left|z\right|);

(17)

u=sign⁡sin⁡(x2+y2+z2)u = \sqrt{\operatorname {sign} \sin \left(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}\right)};

(18)

u=arcsin⁡(x2+y2)/z2u = \arcsin \sqrt{\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right) / z^{2}}.

Find the cc-level set of the function of nn variables:

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(1)

u=x1nu = \frac{x_{1}}{n};

(2)

u=n2−∑i=1nxi2u = \sqrt{n^{2}-\sum_{i = 1}^{n} x_{i}^{2}};

(3)

u=x1/∑i=1nxi2u = x_{1} / \sum_{i = 1}^{n} x_{i}^{2};

(4)

u=((x1−1)2+∑i=2nxi2)/((x1+1)2+∑i=2nxi2)u = \left(\left(x_{1}-1\right)^{2}+\sum_{i = 2}^{n} x_{i}^{2}\right) /\left(\left(x_{1}+1\right)^{2}+\sum_{i = 2}^{n} x_{i}^{2}\right).

Find the derivative of the function ff in the direction of the outward normal to the cc-level curve of the function ff at each of its points, if:

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(1)

f=x2+y2,c>0f = x^{2}+y^{2}, c > 0;

(2)

f=ln⁡(x2+y2)f = \ln \left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right).

Find, at the point (ac/2;c/2),c>0(a \sqrt{c / 2} ; \sqrt{c / 2}), c > 0, the derivative of the function

f=x2/a2+y2/b2 f = x^{2} / a^{2}+y^{2} / b^{2}

in the direction of the inward normal to the cc-level curve of the function ff.

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References

[Dem97] Demidovich B.P. Сборник задач и упражнений по математическому анализу. 13-е изд., Издательство Московского университета / Издательство "ЧеРо", 1997.
[ККЧ+03] Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. Функции многих переменных. 2-е изд., ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003.