Jordan content versus Lebesgue measure

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Prove that the set of all rational points of the segment [0;1][0 ; 1], which is Jordan non-measurable in R1R^{1} (see problem 40,1))), has Lebesgue measure zero in R1R^{1}.

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Prove that the set:

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(1)

from problem 40,2) has Lebesgue measure zero;

(2)

from problem 40,3) has Lebesgue measure zero.

Give a set XX of Lebesgue measure zero whose closure is not a set of Lebesgue measure zero (which, we note, is impossible for sets of Jordan measure zero).

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Prove Proposition 4.2.3.

Proposition 4.2.3: If GG is an open set in J\mathcal{J} then m(G)=c(G)m(G)=c(G).

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Let FF be a closed Jordan set. Using only Definition 4.2.6, prove that m(F)=c(F)m\left(F\right)=c(F).

Definition 4.2.6: Let FF be a closed and bounded set in R2\mathbb {R}^{2} and RR an open rectangle such that F⊂RF \subset R. The measure of the closed set FF is defined by m(F)=m(R)−m(R∖F)m(F) = m(R) - m(R \setminus F).

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Prove Proposition 4.2.12.

Proposition 4.2.12: Let E⊂R2E \subset \mathbb {R}^{2}. Then c∗(E)≤m∗(E)≤m∗(E)≤c∗(E)c_{*}(E) \leq m_{*}(E) \leq m^{*}(E) \leq c^{*}(E).

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Let EE be an elementary set in R2\mathbb {R}^{2}. Prove or disprove: m∗(E)=c(E)m_{*}\left(E\right)=c(E). What if EE is a Jordan measurable set?

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Let E⊂R2E \subset \mathbb {R}^{2} be compact. Prove that m(E)=c∗(E)m\left(E\right)=c^{*}(E).

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Give examples to show that each of the inequalities c∗(A)≤m∗(A)c_{*}(A) \leq m_{*}\left(A\right) and m∗(A)≤c∗(A)m^{*}(A) \leq c^{*}(A) can be strict.

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Let E⊂R2E \subset \mathbb {R}^{2} and let A∈EA \in \mathcal{E}. Prove that c(A)=m∗(A∩E)+m∗(A∩EC)c(A)=m_{*}\left(A \cap E\right)+m^{*}\left(A \cap E^{C}\right).

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The Jordan content of a set is defined as is outer-measure m∗m^{*}, except that only finite coverings of the set by open, bounded intervals are considered. Prove that if the set Q∩[0,1]Q \cap [0,1] is covered by the finite collection {ℓ(Ik)}k=1n\left\{ \ell \left(I_{k}\right)\right\}_{k = 1}^{n}, then ∑k=1nℓ(Ik)≥1\sum_{k = 1}^{n} \ell \left(I_{k}\right) \geq 1.

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Show that Lebesgue outer-measure on R\mathbb {R} is changed if, following Jordan, countable covers are restricted to finite covers.

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References

[ККЧ+03] Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. Функции многих переменных. 2-е изд., ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003.
[Pet25] Petrovic J.S. Measure and Integral: Theory and Practice. CRC Press, 2025.
[RoFi23] Royden H.L., Fitzpatrick P.M. Real Analysis. 5th ed., Pearson, 2023.