Higher Frechet derivatives and Taylor formula in normed spaces

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Prove the stated assertion. A bilinear form F(x;y),x∈X,y∈XF(x ; y), x \in X, y \in X, is called symmetric if for any elements x∈Xx \in X and y∈Xy \in X the equality F(x;y)=F(y;x)F(x ; y) = F(y ; x) holds. If a mapping f:G→Yf: G \rightarrow Y of a set GG open in the space XX has a second derivative f′′f^{\prime \prime } at a point x0∈Gx_{0} \in G, then this derivative is a symmetric form belonging to the space L2(X2;Y)≡L2(X,X;Y)\mathscr {L}_{2}\left(X^{2} ; Y\right) \equiv \mathscr {L}_{2}(X, X ; Y) (see problem 159).

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Prove the stated assertion. The formula

f(n)(x)(h1;…;hn)=((f(n−1))′(x)h1)(h2;…;hn) f^{(n)}(x)\left(h_{1} ; \ldots ; h_{n}\right) = \left(\left(f^{(n-1)}\right)^{\prime }(x) h_{1}\right)\left(h_{2} ; \ldots ; h_{n}\right)

holds.

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Prove the stated assertion. The formula

((f(m))(n−m)(x)(h1;…;hn−m))(hn−m+1;…;hn)==f(n)(x)(h1;…;hn),0⩽m⩽n. \begin{aligned} & \left(\left(f^{(m)}\right)^{(n-m)}(x)\left(h_{1} ; \ldots ; h_{n-m}\right)\right)\left(h_{n-m+1} ; \ldots ; h_{n}\right) = \\ & \quad = f^{(n)}(x)\left(h_{1} ; \ldots ; h_{n}\right), \quad 0 \leqslant m \leqslant n. \end{aligned}

holds.

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Prove the stated assertion. The derivative f(n)f^{(n)} of any order nn is a symmetric nn-linear form (an nn-linear form F(x1;…;xn)F\left(x_{1} ; \ldots ; x_{n}\right) is called symmetric if its values do not change under any permutation of its arguments).

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Prove the stated assertion. If a mapping f:G→Yf: G \rightarrow Y of a set GG open in the space XX has nn continuous derivatives on the segment [x0;x]⊂G\left[x_{0} ; x\right] \subset G and a derivative of order n+1n+1 on the interval (x0;x)\left(x_{0} ; x\right), then

\begin{aligned} \left\| f\left(x_{0}+h\right)-f\left(x_{0}\right)- & f^{\prime }\left(x_{0}\right) h-\frac{f^{\prime \prime }\left(x_{0}\right)}{2 !} h^{2}-\ldots -\frac{f^{(n)}\left(x_{0}\right)}{n !} h^{n}\right\| \\ & \leqslant \frac{\left\| h\right\| ^{n+1}}{(n+1) !} \sup _{\left(x_{0} ; x_{0}+h\right)}\left\| f^{(n+1)}(\xi )\right\| , \quad x_{0}+h \in \left[x_{0} ; x\right]. \end{aligned}
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Prove the stated assertion. If, under the assumptions of the preceding problem, the derivative of order n+1n+1 of the mapping ff is bounded on the interval (x0;x)\left(x_{0} ; x\right):

c=sup⁡(x0;x)∥f(n+1)(ξ)∥<+∞ c = \sup _{\left(x_{0} ; x\right)}\left\| f^{(n+1)}(\xi )\right\| < +\infty

then

f(x0+h)=f(x0)+f′(x0)h+f′′(x0)2!h2+…+f(n)(x0)n!hn+o(hn)f\left(x_{0}+h\right) = f\left(x_{0}\right)+f^{\prime }\left(x_{0}\right) h+\frac{f^{\prime \prime }\left(x_{0}\right)}{2 !} h^{2}+\ldots +\frac{f^{(n)}\left(x_{0}\right)}{n !} h^{n}+o\left(h^{n}\right)

h→0h \rightarrow 0

(Taylor's formula).

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For the mapping f:C2[0;1]→C[0;1]f: C^{2}[0 ; 1] \rightarrow C[0 ; 1] (see problem 69) (f(x))(t)=d2xd2t+sin⁡x(t)(f(x))(t) = \frac{d^{2} x}{d^{2} t}+\sin x(t), find all its derivatives at the point x=tx = t and expand it by Taylor's formula in a neighborhood of this point.

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References

[ККЧ+03] Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. Функции многих переменных. 2-е изд., ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003.