Integrals with a periodic factor

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Prove that if the integral ∫0∞f(x) dx\int_{0}^{\infty } f(x)\, dx is absolutely convergent, then

lim⁡n→∞∫0∞f(x)∣sin⁡nx∣ dx=2π∫0∞f(x) dx. \lim _{n \rightarrow \infty } \int _{0}^{\infty } f(x) \left|\sin nx\right|\, dx = \frac{2}{\pi } \int _{0}^{\infty } f(x)\, dx .
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Prove the inequality: ∫0∞f(x)sin⁡ax dx>0\int_{0}^{\infty } f(x) \sin ax\, dx > 0, if f(x)f(x) is a decreasing function; a>0a > 0 and the integral converges.

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Prove the inequality: ∫0∞f(x)sin⁡ax dx>0\int_{0}^{\infty } f(x) \sin ax\, dx > 0, if f(x)f(x) is a decreasing function and the integral converges.

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Find an elementary function asymptotically equal, as x→+∞x \rightarrow +\infty, to the integral

∫1xsin⁡4ttdt \int _{1}^{x} \frac{\sin ^{4} t}{t} d t
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Prove: if a nonnegative, continuous function ff, not identically zero, has period TT for t>1t > 1:

f(t+T)=f(t),T>0 f(t+T) = f(t), \quad T > 0

then

∫1xf(t)tdt∼Aln⁡x,x→+∞,A= const.  \int _{1}^{x} \frac{f(t)}{t} d t \sim A \ln x, \quad x \rightarrow +\infty , \quad A = \text{ const. }
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Prove that

∫1xln⁡(1+cos⁡2t)tdt∼Bln⁡x,x→+∞,B= const.  \int _{1}^{x} \frac{\ln \left(1+\cos ^{2} t\right)}{t} d t \sim B \ln x, \quad x \rightarrow +\infty , \quad B = \text{ const. }
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(a)

Prove that for a bounded function ff decreasing to zero as x→+∞x \rightarrow +\infty, the integrals

∫0∞∣sin⁡x∣f(x)dx and ∫0∞f(x)dx \int _{0}^{\infty }\left|\sin x\right| f(x) d x \quad \text{ and } \quad \int _{0}^{\infty } f(x) d x

converge or diverge simultaneously.

(b)

Verify that in the two-dimensional case the analogue of this statement is false:

∫0∞∫0∞∣sin⁡x∣∣sin⁡y∣exyln⁡(x+y+2)dxdy<+∞, but ∫0∞∫0∞dxdyexyln⁡(x+y+2)=+∞ \int _{0}^{\infty } \int _{0}^{\infty } \frac{\left|\sin x\right||\sin y|}{e^{x y} \ln (x+y+2)} d x d y<+\infty , \quad \text{ but } \quad \int _{0}^{\infty } \int _{0}^{\infty } \frac{d x d y}{e^{x y} \ln (x+y+2)}=+\infty

Let φ\varphi be a continuous 2π2 \pi-periodic function. Prove that the integral

∫π∞φ(x)dxln⁡x+cos⁡x \int _{\pi }^{\infty } \frac{\varphi (x) d x}{\ln x+\cos x}

converges only if φ\varphi is an odd function.

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Let the function φ\varphi be continuous on R\mathbb {R} and have period T>0T>0, with Cφ=1T∫0Tφ(t)dt≠0C_{\varphi }=\frac{1}{T} \int_{0}^{T} \varphi (t) d t \neq 0. Prove that

∫1+∞φ(t)t1+εdt∼Cφε as ε→+0 \int _{1}^{+\infty } \frac{\varphi (t)}{t^{1+\varepsilon }} d t \sim \frac{C_{\varphi }}{\varepsilon } \quad \text{ as } \quad \varepsilon \rightarrow +0
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Let the function ff decrease to zero on [a,+∞)[a,+\infty ), and let the function φ\varphi be continuous on R\mathbb {R} and have period T>0T>0, with ∫0Tφ(t)dt=0\int_{0}^{T} \varphi (t) d t=0. Prove that

∣∫A+∞f(t)φ(t)dt∣⩽f(A)∫0T∣φ(t)∣dt for A⩾a \left|\int _{A}^{+\infty } f(t) \varphi (t) d t\right| \leqslant f(A) \int _{0}^{T}\left|\varphi (t)\right| d t \quad \text{ for } \quad A \geqslant a
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Let the function ff decrease to zero on [a,+∞)[a,+\infty ), and let the function φ\varphi be continuous on R\mathbb {R} and have period T>0T>0. Prove that

∫aAf(t)φ(t)dt=Cφ∫aAf(t)dt+I+O(f(A)) \int _{a}^{A} f(t) \varphi (t) d t=C_{\varphi } \int _{a}^{A} f(t) d t+I+O(f(A))

where

Cφ=1T∫0Tφ(t)dt,I=∫a+∞(φ(t)−Cφ)f(t)dt C_{\varphi }=\frac{1}{T} \int _{0}^{T} \varphi (t) d t, \quad I=\int _{a}^{+\infty }\left(\varphi (t)-C_{\varphi }\right) f(t) d t
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Let the function ff be nonnegative and monotonic on [a,+∞)[a,+\infty ), and let the function φ\varphi be continuous on R\mathbb {R} and have period T>0T>0, with Cφ=1T∫0Tφ(t)dt≠0C_{\varphi }=\frac{1}{T} \int_{0}^{T} \varphi (t) d t \neq 0. Prove that

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(a)

if ∫a∞f(t)dt=+∞\int_{a}^{\infty } f(t) d t=+\infty and ∫AA+1f(t)dt=o(∫aAf(t)dt)\int_{A}^{A+1} f(t) d t=o\left(\int_{a}^{A} f(t) d t\right), then

∫aAf(t)φ(t)dt∼Cφ∫aAf(t)dt as A→+∞ \int _{a}^{A} f(t) \varphi (t) d t \sim C_{\varphi } \int _{a}^{A} f(t) d t \quad \text{ as } \quad A \rightarrow +\infty
(b)

if ∫a∞f(t)dt<+∞\int_{a}^{\infty } f(t) d t<+\infty and ∫AA+1f(t)dt=o(∫A∞f(t)dt)\int_{A}^{A+1} f(t) d t=o\left(\int_{A}^{\infty } f(t) d t\right), then

∫A+∞f(t)φ(t)dt∼Cφ∫A+∞f(t)dt as A→+∞ \int _{A}^{+\infty } f(t) \varphi (t) d t \sim C_{\varphi } \int _{A}^{+\infty } f(t) d t \quad \text{ as } \quad A \rightarrow +\infty

Let f∈C([a,b]),φ∈C(R)f \in C(\left[a, b\right]), \varphi \in C(\mathbb {R}). Find the limits

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(a)

lim⁡A→+∞∫abf(t)φ(At)dt\lim_{A \rightarrow +\infty } \int_{a}^{b} f(t) \varphi (A t) d t, if φ\varphi has period T>0T>0;

(b)

lim⁡A→+∞A∫abf(t)φ(At)dt\lim_{A \rightarrow +\infty } A \int_{a}^{b} f(t) \varphi (A t) d t, if ∫R∣φ(t)∣dt<∞\int_{\mathbb {R}}\left|\varphi (t)\right| d t<\infty.

Let f∈C([a,b]×[−1,1])f \in C(\left[a, b\right] \times [-1,1]). Prove that

I(A)=∫abf(x,sin⁡Ax)dx⟶A→+∞12π∫ab(∫02πf(x,sin⁡t)dt)dx I(A)=\int _{a}^{b} f(x, \sin A x) d x \underset {A \rightarrow +\infty }{\longrightarrow } \frac{1}{2 \pi } \int _{a}^{b}\left(\int _{0}^{2 \pi } f(x, \sin t) d t\right) d x
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Let the function ff decrease to zero on (0,+∞)(0,+\infty ) and a>0a>0. Prove that ∫0∞f(x)sin⁡axdx⩾0\int_{0}^{\infty } f(x) \sin a x d x \geqslant 0, and if ff is convex, then ∫0∞f(x)cos⁡axdx⩾0\int_{0}^{\infty } f(x) \cos a x d x \geqslant 0. In both cases equality is possible only for f≡0f \equiv 0.

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Suppose that f(x)f(x) is properly integrable over every finite interval and that ∫−∞+∞∣f(x)∣ dx\int_{-\infty }^{+\infty } \left|f(x)\right| \, dx exists. Then we have

lim⁡n→∞∫−∞+∞f(x)sin⁡nx dx=0,lim⁡n→∞∫−∞+∞f(x)∣sin⁡nx∣ dx=2π∫−∞+∞f(x) dx. \lim _{n \to \infty } \int _{-\infty }^{+\infty } f(x) \sin nx \, dx = 0, \qquad \lim _{n \to \infty } \int _{-\infty }^{+\infty } f(x) \left|\sin nx\right| \, dx = \frac{2}{\pi } \int _{-\infty }^{+\infty } f(x) \, dx .
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References

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[МГЛ+04] Макаров Б.М., Голузина М.Г., Лодкин А.А., Подкорытов А.Н. Избранные задачи по вещественному анализу. 2-е изд., Невский Диалект; БХВ-Петербург, 2004.
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