Chain rule for higher-order partial derivatives and differentials of a composite function

[33/100%]
Show
LaTeX

Prove: if

u=f(xyz), u=f(xyz) ,

then

∂3u∂x∂y∂z=F(t), \dfrac {\partial ^{3} u}{\partial x \partial y \partial z}=F(t) ,

where t=xyzt=xyz, and find the function FF.

?

Find the differential of the indicated order: dnud^{n}u, if u=f(x+y+z)u=f(x+y+z).

?

Find the first- and second-order derivatives of the following composite function:u=f(x2+y2+z2)u=f(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}) .

?

Find the first- and second-order derivatives of the following composite function:u=f(x,xy)u=f\left(x, \dfrac {x}{y}\right) .

?

Find the first- and second-order derivatives of the following composite function:u=f(x,xy,xyz)u=f(x, xy, xyz) .

?

Let u=f(x+y,xy)u=f(x+y,xy), find ∂2u∂x∂y\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial x \partial y}.

?

Let u=f(x+y+z,x2+y2+z2)u=f(x+y+z, x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}), find Δu=∂2u∂x2+∂2u∂y2+∂2u∂z2\Delta u=\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial x^{2}}+\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial y^{2}}+\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial z^{2}}.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(t)u=f(t), where t=x+yt=x+y.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(t)u=f(t), where t=yxt=\dfrac {y}{x}.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(x2+y2)u=f(\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}) .

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(t)u=f(t), where t=xyzt=xyz.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(x2+y2+z2)u=f(x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}) .

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(ξ,η)u=f(\xi ,\eta ), where ξ=ax\xi =ax, η=by\eta =by.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(ξ,η)u=f(\xi ,\eta ), where ξ=x+y\xi =x+y, η=x−y\eta =x-y.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(ξ,η)u=f(\xi ,\eta ), where ξ=xy\xi =xy, η=xy\eta =\dfrac {x}{y}.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(x+y,z)u=f(x+y,z) .

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(x+y+z,x2+y2+z2)u=f(x+y+z, x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}) .

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(xy,yz)u=f\left(\dfrac {x}{y}, \dfrac {y}{z}\right) .

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(x,y,z)u=f(x,y,z), where x=tx=t, y=t2y=t^{2}, z=t3z=t^{3}.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(ξ,η,ζ)u=f(\xi ,\eta ,\zeta ), where ξ=ax\xi =ax, η=by\eta =by, ζ=cz\zeta =cz.

?

Find the first- and second-order total differentials of the following composite function (x,yx, y and zz are the independent variables):u=f(ξ,η,ζ)u=f(\xi ,\eta ,\zeta ), where ξ=x2+y2\xi =x^{2}+y^{2}, η=x2−y2\eta =x^{2}-y^{2}, ζ=2xy\zeta =2xy.

?

Find dnud^{n}u, given:u=f(ax+by+cz)u=f(ax+by+cz) .

?

Find dnud^{n}u, given:u=f(ax,by,cz)u=f(ax,by,cz) .

?

Find dnud^{n}u, given:u=f(ξ,η,ζ)u=f(\xi ,\eta ,\zeta ), where ξ=a1x+b1y+c1z\xi =a_{1}x+b_{1}y+c_{1}z, η=a2x+b2y+c2z\eta =a_{2}x+b_{2}y+c_{2}z, ζ=a3x+b3y+c3z\zeta =a_{3}x+b_{3}y+c_{3}z.

?

Let u=f(r)u=f(r), where r=x2+y2+z2r=\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}} and ff is a twice-differentiable function. Prove that:

Δu=F(r), \Delta u=F(r) ,

where Δu=∂2u∂x2+∂2u∂y2+∂2u∂z2\Delta u=\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial x^{2}}+\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial y^{2}}+\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial z^{2}}, Δ\Delta is the Laplace operator, and find the function FF.

?

Prove that if the function u=u(x,t)u=u(x,t) satisfies the heat conduction equation (see problem 3309: ∂u∂t=a2∂2u∂x2\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial t}=a^{2}\dfrac {\partial^{2} u}{\partial x^{2}}), then the function

v=1ate−x24a2tu(xa2t,−1a4t)(t>0) v=\dfrac {1}{a\sqrt{t}}e^{-\frac{x^{2}}{4a^{2}t}}u\left(\dfrac {x}{a^{2}t}, -\dfrac {1}{a^{4}t}\right) \quad (t>0)

also satisfies this equation.

?

If z=sin⁡y+f(sin⁡x−sin⁡y)z=\sin y+f(\sin x-\sin y), where ff is a differentiable function. Simplify the expression

sec⁡x∂z∂x+sec⁡y∂z∂y. \sec x\dfrac {\partial z}{\partial x}+\sec y\dfrac {\partial z}{\partial y} .
?

If

u=112x4−16x3(y+z)+12x2yz+f(y−x,z−x), \begin{align} u & =\dfrac {1}{12}x^{4}-\dfrac {1}{6}x^{3}(y+z)+\dfrac {1}{2}x^{2}yz +f(y-x,z-x) , \end{align}

where ff is a differentiable function. Simplify the expression

∂u∂x+∂u∂y+∂u∂z. \dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}+\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y}+\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial z} .
?

Let:

x2=vw,y2=uw,z2=uv x^{2}=vw , \quad y^{2}=uw , \quad z^{2}=uv

and

f(x,y,z)=F(u,v,w), f(x,y,z)=F(u,v,w) ,

Prove that:

xfx′+yfy′+zfz′=uFu′+vFv′+wFw′. xf_{x}'+yf_{y}'+zf_{z}'=uF_{u}'+vF_{v}'+wF_{w}' .
?

Let u=u(x,y)u=u(x,y) be a differentiable function such that when y=x2y=x^{2} we have

u(x,y)=1 u(x,y)=1

and

∂u∂x=x. \dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}=x .

Find ∂u∂y\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y} when y=x2y=x^{2}.

?

For the function f(u)f(u) find fx′f_{x}^{\prime } and fy′f_{y}^{\prime }, if:

?
(1)

u=x2+eyu = x^{2}+e^{y}

(2)

u=x3+xy23u = \sqrt[3]{x^{3}+x y^{2}}

(3)

u=sin⁡23xcos⁡32yu = \sin^{2} 3 x \cos^{3} 2 y;

(4)

u=arcctg⁡(x+ln⁡y)u = \operatorname {arcctg}(x+\ln y).

For the function f(u;v)f(u ; v) find fx′f_{x}^{\prime } and fy′f_{y}^{\prime }, if:

?
(1)

u=xy,v=x/yu = x y, v = x / y;

(2)

u=x2−y2,v=exyu = x^{2}-y^{2}, v = e^{x y};

(3)

u=xcos⁡y,v=xsin⁡yu = x \cos y, v = x \sin y;

(4)

u=arcsin⁡x2,v=xyu = \arcsin x^{2}, v = x^{y}.

Find fy′(x;x2)f_{y}^{\prime }\left(x ; x^{2}\right) for a differentiable function f(x;y)f(x ; y) satisfying the conditions

f(x;x2)= const ,fx′(x;x2)=x f\left(x ; x^{2}\right) = \text{ const }, \quad f_{x}^{\prime }\left(x ; x^{2}\right) = x
?

References

[Dem97] Demidovich B.P. Сборник задач и упражнений по математическому анализу. 13-е изд., Издательство Московского университета / Издательство "ЧеРо", 1997.
[ККЧ+03] Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. Функции многих переменных. 2-е изд., ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003.