Growth conditions for membership in S'

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Prove that δ0∈S′(R)\delta_{0} \in \mathcal{S}^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}) and δ0(k)∈S′(R)\delta_{0}^{(k)} \in \mathcal{S}^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}) for all k≥1k \geq 1.

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Prove that ex2∈D′(R)e^{x^{2}} \in \mathcal{D}^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}), but ex2e^{x^{2}} does not generate a regular tempered distribution from the space S′(R)S^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}).

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Let f∈S′(R)f \in \mathcal{S}^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}) and PP be a polynomial. Define the functional ⟨Pf,φ⟩=⟨f,Pφ⟩,φ∈S(R)\left\langle P f, \varphi \right\rangle = \left\langle f, P \varphi \right\rangle , \varphi \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb {R}). Prove that Pf∈S′(R)P f \in \mathcal{S}^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}).

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(1)

Let f:R→Cf: \mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {C} be a Lebesgue measurable function for which there exists m≥0m \geq 0 such that ∫R∣f(x)∣1+∣x∣mdx<∞\int_{\mathbb {R}} \frac{\left|f(x)\right|}{1+\left|x\right|^{m}} d x < \infty. Prove that ff defines a regular tempered distribution from S′(R)\mathcal{S}^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}) by the formula

⟨f,φ⟩=∫Rf(x)φ(x)dx,φ∈S(R) \left\langle f, \varphi \right\rangle = \int _{\mathbb {R}} f(x) \varphi (x) d x, \varphi \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb {R})
(2)

Prove that the function f(x)=excos⁡ex,x∈Rf(x) = e^{x} \cos e^{x}, x \in \mathbb {R} does not satisfy the conditions of item (1), but defines a tempered distribution from S′(R)S^{\prime }(\mathbb {R}) by the formula ⟨f,φ⟩=∫−∞+∞excos⁡exφ(x)dx,φ∈S(R)\left\langle f, \varphi \right\rangle = \int_{-\infty }^{+\infty } e^{x} \cos e^{x} \varphi (x) d x, \varphi \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb {R}). Here the integral should be understood as an improper Riemann integral of the first kind.

Prove that if a function ff has the form f(x)=g(x)(1+∣x∣n)f(x) = g(x)\left(1+\left|x\right|^{n}\right), where g∈L1(R)g \in L_{1}(\mathbb {R}) and n∈N∪{0}n \in \mathbb {N} \cup \left\{ 0\right\}, then ff generates a generalized function Ff∈S′F_{f} \in S^{\prime }.

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Prove the stated assertion. The generalized function generated by the locally integrable function exe^{x} cannot be extended from the set of test functions DD to the set of test functions SS, i.e., it cannot be extended to an element of the space S′S^{\prime }.

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Prove the stated assertion. If a function f(x)f(x) is absolutely integrable over the whole real line, then the functional ff defined by the formula

(f,φ)=∫−∞+∞f(x)φ(x)dx,φ∈S (f, \varphi ) = \int _{-\infty }^{+\infty } f(x) \varphi (x) d x, \quad \varphi \in S

belongs to the space S′S^{\prime }.

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Prove the stated assertion. If a function f:R→Cf: R \rightarrow C is locally integrable and satisfies the estimate ∣f(x)∣⩽c∣x∣k\left|f(x)\right| \leqslant c\left|x\right|^{k}, where xx and kk are nonnegative constants, then the functional ff defined by the formula

(f,φ)=∫−∞+∞f(x)φ(x)dx,φ∈S (f, \varphi ) = \int _{-\infty }^{+\infty } f(x) \varphi (x) d x, \quad \varphi \in S

belongs to the space S′S^{\prime }.

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Prove the stated assertion. If f∈S′f \in S^{\prime }, and the function ψ\psi satisfies the conditions of problem 109, then ψf∈S′\psi f \in S^{\prime }.

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Suppose f(x)=ex,g(x)=excos⁡(ex)f(x) = e^{x}, g(x) = e^{x} \cos \left(e^{x}\right), on the real line. Show that gg is a tempered distribution but that ff is not.

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References

[BCK+24] Brayman V.B., Chaikovskyi A.V., Konstantinov O.Y., Kukush A.G., Mishura Y.S., Nesterenko O.N. Functional Analysis and Operator Theory. Springer, 2024.
[БСШ17] Бородин П.А., Савчук А.М., Шейпак И.А. Задачи по функциональному анализу. МЦНМО, 2017.
[ККЧ+03] Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. Функции многих переменных. 2-е изд., ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003.
[Rud91] Rudin W. Functional Analysis. 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1991.