Line segments lying on the unit sphere

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(a)

Suppose VV is an inner product space and BB is the open unit ball in VV (thus B={f∈V:∥f∥<1}B = \left\{ f \in V:\left\| f\right\| < 1\right\}). Prove that if UU is a subset of VV such that B⊆U⊆B‾B \subseteq U \subseteq \overline{B}, then UU is convex.

(b)

Give an example to show that the result in part (a) can fail if the phrase inner product space is replaced by Banach space.

Prove that: If the unit sphere of a normed space XX contains a line segment [x,y][x, y] where x,y∈Xx, y \in X and x≠yx \neq y, then xx and yy are linearly independent and ∥x+y∥=∥x∥+∥y∥\left\| x+y\right\| = \left\| x\right\| +\left\| y\right\|.

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References

[Axl19] Axler S. Measure, Integration & Real Analysis. 3rd ed., Springer, 2019.
[Le13] Le A. Functional Analysis Problems with Solutions. 2013.