Reduction of an integral to Legendre normal form F(phi,k), E(phi,k)

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Find the substitution by means of which the integral ∫R(x;P3(x))dx\int R\left(x ; \sqrt{P_{3}(x)}\right) d x can be transformed into the integral

∫R1(t;P4(t))dt \int R_{1}\left(t ; \sqrt{P_{4}(t)}\right) d t

R(x;y),R1(t;u)R(x ; y), R_{1}(t ; u) — rational functions, P3(x),P4(x)P_{3}(x), P_{4}(x) — polynomials of the third and fourth degree.

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Prove that, using a substitution of the form x=(αt+β)/(t+1)x = (\alpha t+\beta ) /(t+1), the integral ∫R(x;P4(x))dx\int R\left(x ; \sqrt{P_{4}(x)}\right) d x can be transformed into the integral

∫R1(t;A(1+λ1t2)(1+λ2t2))dt \int R_{1}\left(t ; \sqrt{A\left(1+\lambda _{1} t^{2}\right)\left(1+\lambda _{2} t^{2}\right)}\right) d t
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Prove that any integral of the form ∫R(x;P4(x))dx\int R\left(x ; \sqrt{P_{4}(x)}\right) d x can be expressed in terms of elementary functions and the integral

∫R1(t2)dtA(1+λ1t2)(1+λ2t2) \int \frac{R_{1}\left(t^{2}\right) d t}{\sqrt{A\left(1+\lambda _{1} t^{2}\right)\left(1+\lambda _{2} t^{2}\right)}}

where R1(u)R_{1}(u) is a rational function.

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Prove that the integral

∫R(x2)dxA(1+λ1x2)(1+λ2x2),A=±1,∣λ1∣>∣λ2∣>0 \int \frac{R\left(x^{2}\right) d x}{\sqrt{A\left(1+\lambda _{1} x^{2}\right)\left(1+\lambda _{2} x^{2}\right)}}, \quad A = \pm 1, \quad \left|\lambda _{1}\right| > \left|\lambda _{2}\right| > 0

using one of the following substitutions:

∣λ1∣x=t,∣λ1∣x=1−t2,∣λ1∣x=t1−t2\sqrt{\left|\lambda_{1}\right|} x = t, \quad \sqrt{\left|\lambda_{1}\right|} x = \sqrt{1-t^{2}}, \quad \sqrt{\left|\lambda_{1}\right|} x = \frac{t}{\sqrt{1-t^{2}}},

∣λ1∣x=11−t2,∣λ2∣x=1+∣λ2∣−∣λ1∣∣λ1∣t2 \sqrt{\left|\lambda _{1}\right|} x = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-t^{2}}}, \quad \sqrt{\left|\lambda _{2}\right|} x = \sqrt{1+\frac{\left|\lambda _{2}\right|-\left|\lambda _{1}\right|}{\left|\lambda _{1}\right|} t^{2}}

is reduced to the form ∫R1(t2)dt(1−t2)(1−k2t2),k∈(0;1)\int \frac{R_{1}\left(t^{2}\right) d t}{\sqrt{\left(1-t^{2}\right)\left(1-k^{2} t^{2}\right)}}, k \in (0 ; 1).

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Express the elliptic integral in terms of elementary functions and the functions F(φ;k)F(\varphi ; k) and E(φ;k)E(\varphi ; k) (see (13), (14)):

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(1)

∫x2dx36x4−13x2+1\int \frac{x^{2} d x}{\sqrt{36 x^{4}-13 x^{2}+1}}

(2)

∫dx1−2x2−8x4\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{1-2 x^{2}-8 x^{4}}};

(3)

∫dx1+29x2+100x4\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{1+29 x^{2}+100 x^{4}}};

(4)

∫dxx2144x4+7x2−1\int \frac{d x}{x^{2} \sqrt{144 x^{4}+7 x^{2}-1}};

(5)

∫dx−9x4+10x2−1\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{-9 x^{4}+10 x^{2}-1}};

(6)

∫dx1+x3\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{1+x^{3}}}.

Express, in terms of F(x;k)F(x ; k) and E(x;k)E(x ; k), i.e. in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kind in Legendre's form (§ 3), and in terms of elementary functions, the integral:

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(1)

∫dx7+cos⁡2x\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{7+\cos 2 x}};

(2)

∫1+cos⁡2x17+8cos⁡2xdx\int \frac{1+\cos 2 x}{\sqrt{17+8 \cos 2 x}} d x;

(3)

∫dxcos⁡2x\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{\cos 2 x}};

(4)

∫dx1−2cos⁡x\int \frac{d x}{\sqrt{1-2 \cos x}}.

References

[ККЧ+03] Кудрявцев Л.Д., Кутасов А.Д., Чехлов В.И., Шабунин М.И. Интегралы. Ряды. 2-е изд., ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2003.