Muntz-Szasz theorem

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Let {αn}1∞\left\{ \alpha_{n}\right\}_{1}^{\infty } be a strictly increasing sequence of positive numbers with the property αn→1\alpha_{n} \rightarrow 1. Prove that the system {tαn}n=1∞\left\{ t^{\alpha_{n}}\right\}_{n = 1}^{\infty } is complete

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(a)

in the space L2[0,1]L_{2}[0,1];

(b)

in the space C[0,1]C[0,1].

(H. Müntz, 1914). The system of powers {tnk}k=0∞\left\{ t^{n_{k}}\right\}_{k = 0}^{\infty }, where n0<n1<…n_{0} < n_{1} < \ldots, is complete in the space C[0,1]C[0,1] if and only if n0=0n_{0} = 0 and ∑k=1∞1nk=∞\sum_{k = 1}^{\infty } \frac{1}{n_{k}} = \infty.

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Let λ1,λ2,λ3,…,λn,…\lambda_{1}, \lambda_{2}, \lambda_{3}, \ldots , \lambda_{n}, \ldots be distinct positive numbers such that the series

1λ1+1λ2+1λ3+⋯+1λn+⋯ \frac{1}{\lambda _{1}} + \frac{1}{\lambda _{2}} + \frac{1}{\lambda _{3}} + \cdots + \frac{1}{\lambda _{n}} + \cdots

is divergent. If a function h(t)h(t) which is properly integrable over the interval 0≤t≤10\leq t\leq 1 satisfies the condition

∫01tλnh(t) dt=0,n=1,2,3,…, \int _{0}^{1} t^{\lambda _{n}} h(t) \, dt = 0, \qquad n=1,2,3,\ldots ,

then h(t)=0h(t)=0 at every point of continuity tt. (A generalization of Problem 139 of Part II.)

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Remark.
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∫01tzh(t) dt\int_{0}^{1} t^{z} h(t)\, dt is an analytic function of zz; see Problem 298 of Part III.

Suppose λ1>λ2>⋯\lambda_{1} > \lambda_{2} > \cdots, and λn→0\lambda_{n} \rightarrow 0 in the Müntz-Szasz theorem. What is the conclusion of the theorem, under these conditions?

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Prove an analogue of the Müntz-Szasz theorem, with L2(I)L^{2}(I) in place of C(I)C(I).

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References

[БСШ17] Бородин П.А., Савчук А.М., Шейпак И.А. Задачи по функциональному анализу. МЦНМО, 2017.
[PóSz98] Pólya G., Szegő G. Problems and Theorems in Analysis. Springer, 1998.
[Rud87] Rudin W. Real and Complex Analysis. 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1987.